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1、STD.ISO 30843-ENGL L777 4851903 0737049 8 4 T INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 10843 First edition 1997-09-01 Acoustics - Methods for the description and physical measurement of single impulses or series of impulses Acoustique - Mtrique et techniques pour le mesurage physique de bruits impulsionnels isols
2、 ou en courtes rafales This material is reproduced from IS0 documents under International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Copyright License number IHCIICCI1996. Not for resale. No part of these IS0 documents may be reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval system or otherwise, except as al
3、lowed in the copyright law of the country of use, or with the prior written consent of IS0 (Case postale 56,1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Fax +41 22 734 I O 79), IHS or the IS0 Licensors members. Reference number I SO 1 0843: 1 997( E) COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed
4、 by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STD-IS0 LOq3-ENGL 1797 m Y853703 0717050 5 b l m IS0 1 0843: 1997( E) Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions 2 4 Measurement system character
5、istics and requirements . 5 5 Measurements . 9 6 Data presentation 10 Annexes A Signal handling limitations in transient measurement and analysis 13 B Methods for the large-amplitude impulse calibration of microphones . 15 C Determination of measurement system characteristics . 19 D Time-weighting c
6、haracteristics and tolerances: S and F . 20 E Bibliography . 21 O IS01997 All rights reserved. UnleSS otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writ
7、ing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internet centralOiso.ch X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling
8、 Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services IS0 10843:1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing Internati
9、onal Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with I
10、SO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Drat International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Int
11、ernational Standard requires approval by at least 75 o / o of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 10843 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOfiC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. Annexes A to E of this International Standard are for information only. iii COPYRIGHT I
12、nternational Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STD-IS0 LOBq3-ENGL 1997 Y851703 0737052 33Li IS0 10843:1997(E) 0 IS0 Introduction 0.1 Purpose The purpose of this
13、 International Standard is to describe and specify the physical measurement of single impulsive sounds or short series of impulsive sounds. The actual measurement performed will change according to both the measurement situation and the physical quantities required. Detailed characterization of sour
14、ce emissions is beyond the scope of this standard. 0.2 Physical measurement alternatives Physical measurement alternatives will change according to the purpose of the measurements and the measurement situation. First, measurements may be made of phase-sensitive quantities such as peak-level, rise-ti
15、me, or duration, or measurements may be made of time-integrated quantities such as frequency-filtered or frequency-weighted sound exposure level (e.g. A-weighted sound exposure level). Secondly, measurements may be made on a continuous sound source or a transient sound source. This International Sta
16、ndard deals only with transients (single impulsive sounds or short series of impulsive sounds); therefore time-integrated descriptors such as sound exposure or sound energy, rather than time-averaged descriptors, are applicable. 0.3 Measurement situation Noise measurement situations will change acco
17、rding to the purpose of the measurement. There are three alternative pairs of measurement situations which may require the measurement of single impulsive sounds or series of impulsive sounds. First, measurements may be for workplace-related purposes, such as hearing conservation or employee efficie
18、ncy, or measurements may be for community environmental purposes. Secondly, measurements may be indoors or outdoors. Thirdly, measurements may be for the purpose of gathering source-emission data, or of describing immission levels in the community. Other International Standards provide guidance for
19、specific measurement situations. IS0 11200 should be used for measurements of emission sound pressure levels at the work station and at other specified positions; the IS0 3740 or IS0 9614 series should be used for determination of sound power levels of noise sources; the IS0 1996 series should be us
20、ed for description and measurement of environmental sound. iv COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STD.IS0 LLlY3-ENGL 1777 Li851703 0717053
21、 270 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 IS0 IS0 1 0843: 1 997( E) Acoustics - Methods for the description and physical measurement of single impulses or series of impulses 1 Scope This International Standard describes preferred methods for the description and the physical measurement of single impulsive sound
22、s or short series of impulsive sounds and for the presentation of the data. It does not provide methods for interpreting the potential effects of series of impulses of noise on hearing, community response or structures. This International Standard applies to single impulsive sounds or short series o
23、f impulsive sounds such as those produced by explosions, artillery fire, bombing and similar activities, sonic booms, pistol and rifle fire, and cartridge- operated tools or machines. Two different kinds of measurements are considered: a) measurements of phase-sensitive parameters, such as peak soun
24、d pressure level and duration, that directly characterize the variation of sound pressure with time; and b) measurements of time-integrated quantities such as frequency-weighted sound exposure level or sound energy level. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, throu
25、gh reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility o f appl
26、ying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. I EC 50-801 : 1 994, International electrotechnical vocabulary - Chapter 80 I : Acoustics and electroacoustics IEC 651 :1979, Sound level meters, and
27、its Amendment 1 :1993. IEC 804:1985, Integrating-averaging sound level meters, and its Amendment 1 :1989 and Amendment 2:1993. IEC 942:1908, Sound calibrators. IEC 1260:1995. Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters. 1 COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization
28、 Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STD*ISO LUBY3-ENGL 3977 q851703 0737054 307 IS0 1 0843: 1997( E) IS0 3 Definit ions For the purpose of this International Standard, the definitions given in I
29、EC 50-801 and the following definitions apply. NOTE -The prefix “un“ is used to denote what is also termed “lin-“ or “flat-“ weighted sound. Unweighted is perhaps most descriptive. 3.1 Characteristics of an impulse noise 3.1.1 pressure and return momentarily to zero. A-duration: Time, in seconds, re
30、quired for the main or principal wave to reach its unweighted peak sound NOTES See figure 1 a) and annex E, reference 25. In practice, the A-duration is the total time between the onset of a signal level 20 dB below the peak level and the first crossing of the signal 20 dB below peak level. The nota
31、tion used for duration in this definition and in 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 should not be confused with the A-, B- and C-frequency weightings. 3.1.2 B-duration: Total time, in seconds, that the envelope of unweighted sound pressure fluctuations (both positive and negative) exceeds one tenth of the unweighted p
32、eak sound pressure, including the duration of that part of any reflection pattern that exceeds one tenth of the unweighted peak sound pressure. NOTE - See figure 1 b) and annex E, reference 25. 3.1.3 C-duration: Total time, in seconds, that the main or principal wave and the following oscillations,
33、both negative and positive, are within 10 dB of the unweighted peak sound pressure level. NOTE - See figure 1 c) and annex E, reference MI. 3.1.4 envelope: Two idealized smooth lines which effectively join the successive positive or negative peaks of the instantaneous sound pressure. NOTE - See figu
34、re 1 d). 3.1.5 impulse noise: A single short burst or series of short bursts of sound pressure. NOTE -The pressure-time history of a single burst of impulsive noise includes a rise to a peak pressure, followed by a decay of the pressure envelope. 3.1.6 sound wave minus the atmospheric pressure at th
35、at point. instantaneous sound pressure: Total instantaneous pressure, in pascals, at a point in the presence of a NOTE - Instantaneous pressure relates to the pressure as measured by the microphone prior to any signal processing. 2 COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by
36、 Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services 0 IS0 STD*ISO 10843-ENGL 1777 4851703 0717055 043 M IS0 10843: 1997( E) ai A-duration, it, - td b) B-duration, it1-td + it,-t) ci C-duration, (tl- td + it3 - t 2 ) + (ts
37、- t3 d) Impulse wave envelope Figure 1 - Impulse noise characteristics 3.1.7 frequency-weighted instantaneous sound pressure to the reference sound pressure, expressed in decibels. instantaneous sound pressure level: Ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of the NOTES 1 In air the
38、 reference sound pressure is 20 pPa. 2 The frequency weighting is to be specified. 3.1.8 peak sound pressure: For any specified time interval, the maximum absolute value of the instantaneous sound pressure, in pascals, that occurs during a specified time interval. 3.1.9 weighted sound pressure to th
39、e reference sound pressure, expressed in decibels. peak sound pressure level: Ten times the common logarithm of the square of the ratio of peak frequency- NOTES 1 In air, the reference pressure is 20 WPa. 2 The frequency weighting i s to be specified. 3.1.10 signal rise time: Time, in seconds, a sig
40、nal takes to rise from 10 % to 90 % of its maximum absolute value of the sound pressure. 3.1.1 1 sound energy: Time and spatial integral of the sound intensity normal to an imaginary closed surface, where sound intensity is the real part of the product of instantaneous sound pressure and particle ve
41、locity (at the same point in space), expressed in joules. 3 COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Organization for Standardization Licensed by Information Handling Services STD-IS0 10843-ENGL 1997 q851703 071705b TB
42、T 0 IS0 IS0 1 0843: 1997( E) 3.1.12 sound energy level: Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of sound energy to the reference sound energy of 1 pW.s, expressed in decibels. 3.1.13 sound exposure: Time integral of frequency-weighted squared instantaneous sound pressure, expressed in pascal-squ
43、ared seconds. T E = jp*dt O .( 1) NOTE - The frequency weighting is to be specified. 3.1.14 sound exposure level: Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of sound exposure, E, to the reference sound exposure, expressed in decibels. LE = llg(E)dB NOTES 1 In air, the reference sound exposure, 4, i
44、s 20 pPa2.s. 2 The frequency weighting is to be specified. 3 In order to avoid confusion between the noise exposure of workers and the noise emission from machinery, in the IS0 3740 series and IS0 11200, which are specific to machinery noise emission, this quantity is called “single-event emission s
45、ound pressure level.“ 3.2 Characteristics of the measurement system 3.2.1 bandwidth: Frequency range, in hertz, over which the response of a system to a sinusoidal input signal is within zero to -3 dB of an ideal flat response. NOTE - This definition is specific to the purposes of this International
46、 Standard and not necessarily in accordance with more general definitions given in other International Standards. 3.2.2 droop: Amount by which the linear system output drops below the ideal final output in response to a step- function input when measured at a time which equals or exceeds the duratio
47、n of the signal of interest, divided by the ideal final output and expressed as a percentage,. 3.2.3 dynamic range: Difference, in decibels, between the peak signal level (unweighted), expressed as the sound pressure level for which the measurement system operates within the instrument manufacturers
48、 stated specifications, and the measurement system background noise level (unweighted), expressed as the sound pressure level. NOTES 1 At low sound pressure levels the useful dynamic range is limited by acoustic noise or by electric circuit noise. 2 At high sound pressure levels the useful dynamic r
49、ange is limited by overloading of the microphone or the electronic instrumentation. 3.2.4 overshoot: Amount by which the maximum of the linear system output exceeds the idealized final output in response to a step-function input, divided by the ideal final output and expressed as a percentage. 3.2.5 slew-rate: Rate of change of the measurement system output per unit time, expressed in volts per second. 3.2.6 slew-rate IhR: Maximum rate of change of the measurement system output in response to a step-function input, expressed in volts per second. 4 COPYRIGHT
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