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1、 Reference number ISO 11812:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11812 First edition 2001-12-15 Small craft Watertight cockpits and quick-draining cockpits Petits navires Cockpits tanches et cockpits rapidement autovideurs ISO 11812:2001(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded ty
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4、timized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,
5、no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case pos
6、tale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved ISO 11812:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and d
7、efinitions .2 4 Symbols5 5 General requirements6 5.1 Loading and measurement conditions6 5.2 Requirements for “watertight” cockpits and recesses .6 5.3 Requirements for “quick draining” cockpits and recesses7 5.4 Closing appliances7 6 Requirements for quick-draining cockpit bottom7 6.1 Minimum cockp
8、it bottom height, HB,min.7 6.2 Exception to 6.1 for recesses or lockers.8 6.2.1 Exception up to 10 % of cockpit bottom area.8 6.2.2 Lockers in the cockpit bottom .8 7 Requirements for drainage of quick-draining cockpits.8 7.1 Cockpit drainage8 7.1.1 General8 7.1.2 When the boat is upright.8 7.1.3 Wh
9、en the boat is heeled8 7.2 Draining time9 7.3 Number of drains.10 7.4 Minimum drain dimensions10 7.4.1 Internal dimensions of the drain10 7.4.2 Eventual protective grids10 7.5 Centreboard housings and other types of drain10 7.6 Drain fitting.11 7.7 Drain piping design and construction.11 7.8 Drainin
10、g time assessment11 7.8.1 General11 7.8.2 Measurement of the draining time.11 7.8.3 Calculation of the draining time.12 7.8.4 Quick method of calculation for cockpit fitted with two drains12 8 Requirements for sills.14 8.1 Sill height for watertight cockpits14 8.2 Sill height and other requirements
11、for quick-draining cockpits.14 8.2.1 Sill-height measurement.14 8.2.2 Requirements for sill height of quick draining cockpits.14 8.2.3 Requirements for companionway doors and appliances above sill height14 8.2.4 Other requirements .15 9 Watertightness requirements.15 9.1 Watertightness requirements
12、of watertight cockpits 15 9.2 Watertightness requirements of quick-draining cockpits.15 9.2.1 Watertightness of the cockpit 15 9.2.2 Permanently open ventilation openings .16 10 Owners manual Documentation.16 ISO 11812:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights reserved Annex A (informative) Examples of single-
13、plane cockpit bottoms17 Annex B (normative) Analysis of multi-level cockpit bottom.19 Annex C (normative) Draining time calculation using tables.26 Annex D (normative) Alternative method of calculation Direct calculation with head losses.30 Annex E (normative) Watertightness tests.33 Bibliography36
14、ISO 11812:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
15、member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
16、 Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for v
17、oting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifyin
18、g any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 11812 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft. Annexes B, C, D and E form a normative part of this International Standard. Annex A is for information only. ISO 11812:2001(E) vi ISO 2001 All rights reserved Introduction T
19、he compliance to this International Standard may not be required to show that a boat fulfils the essential safety requirements of the Directive 94/25/EC, but it may be required by ISO 12217. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11812:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 1 Small craft Watertight cockpits and q
20、uick-draining cockpits 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements for cockpits and recesses to be designated either as “watertight” or as “quick-draining” on small craft of hull length up to 24 m. It does not set requirements for the size and shape of a cockpit or recess, nor when or
21、 where it shall be used. It only considers draining by gravity, and not by pumping or other methods. NOTE 1 The term “quick-draining cockpit” has been chosen to differentiate from the common understanding of “self-draining cockpit” where water may be drained overboard in certain conditions, but with
22、out specified draining speed, height of bottom or sill, etc. NOTE 2 Examples of single-plane cockpit bottoms are given in informative annex A. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Internationa
23、l Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indic
24、ated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 8666:1), Small craft Principal data ISO 9093-1:1994, Small craft Seacocks and through-hull fittings Part 1:
25、Metallic ISO 9093-2:1), Small craft Seacocks and through-hull fittings Part 2: Non-metallic ISO 12216:1), Small craft Windows, portlights, hatches, deadlights and doors Strength and tightness requirements ISO 12217-1:1), Small craft Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization Part 1: Non-sa
26、iling boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m ISO 12217-2:1), Small craft Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization Part 2: Sailing boats of hull length greater than or equal to 6 m ISO 12217-3:1), Small craft Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization Part 3: Boats of
27、 hull length less than 6 m 1) To be published. ISO 11812:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 design categories description of the sea and wind conditions for which a boat is ass
28、essed to be suitable NOTE The following design categories apply: A: Ocean: Designed for extended voyages where conditions may exceed wind force 8 (Beaufort scale) and significant wave heights of 4 m and above, and vessels largely self-sufficient; but excluding abnormal conditions such as hurricanes.
29、 B: Offshore: Designed for offshore voyages where conditions up to and including wind force 8 and significant wave heights up to and including 4 m may be experienced; C: Inshore: Designed for voyages in coastal waters, large bays, estuaries, lakes and rivers where conditions up to and including wind
30、 force 6 and significant wave heights up to and including 2 m may be experienced; D: Sheltered waters: Designed for voyages in close coastal waters, small bays, lakes, rivers and canals where conditions up to and including wind force 4 and maximum wave heights up to and including 0,3 m may be experi
31、enced. 3.2 length of hull LH length of the hull according to ISO 8666 NOTE Length of hull is expressed in metres. 3.3 maximum beam Bmax overall beam of monohull or multihull craft according to ISO 8666 NOTE Maximum beam is expressed in metres. 3.4 waterline WL waterline in the fully loaded ready-for
32、-use condition 3.5 freeboard amidships FM freeboard at mid-waterline in fully loaded ready-for-use condition according to ISO 8666 3.6 sailing boat boat designed to use sails as its primary means of propulsion, as defined in ISO 12217-2 3.7 non-sailing boat boat not designed to use sails as primary
33、means of propulsion, as defined in ISO 12217-1 3.8 cockpit and recess any area that may retain water, however briefly, due to rain, waves, boat heeling, etc. ISO 11812:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3 NOTE Cockpits are normally designed for accommodation of people but, for the purpose of this
34、International Standard, the term “cockpit” will be used either for a proper cockpit or for any recess. This means that bulwarks may create a large cockpit, open boats may effectively comprise a cockpit which includes nearly all the boat, cockpit(s) may be situated anywhere in the boat, and a cockpit
35、 may open aft to the sea. 3.9 watertight cockpit or recess cockpit or recess which satisfies the requirements of this International Standard for watertightness and sill heights, but not those for drainage 3.10 quick-draining cockpit or recess cockpit with characteristics and draining capacity which
36、fulfil all the requirements of this International Standard for one or several design categories NOTE According to its characteristics, a cockpit may be considered quick-draining for one design category, but maybe not for a higher category. 3.11 cockpit sole essentially horizontal surface(s) of the c
37、ockpit on which people normally stand 3.12 cockpit bottom lowest surface of the cockpit sole where water collects before being drained NOTE 1 Devices raising the standing level(s) from the rigid part of the cockpit sole, e.g. grating, stands, bridge decks, are not considered as part of the cockpit b
38、ottom. NOTE 2 The cockpit bottom is considered to comprise only one plane. A cockpit bottom with several levels is considered according to annex B. 3.13 bridge deck area just outside the companionway opening and above the cockpit bottom, onto which people normally step before entering the accommodat
39、ion 3.14 closing appliance device used to cover an opening in the cockpit, hull or superstructures EXAMPLE Hatch, window, door, engine cover, etc. 3.15 cockpit water-retention height hC height of the water contained in the cockpit measured between the cockpit bottom and the point of overflow outboar
40、d, the boat being upright, at rest and fully loaded NOTE 1 This height corresponds to the lowest point where the overflow area, expressed in square metres, is 0,005 LH Bmax, and is usually the lowest point of the cockpit coaming. NOTE 2 For assessing hC, every closing appliance, including the compan
41、ionway door(s) is assumed to be closed. ISO 11812:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3.16 cockpit bottom height HB height of the cockpit bottom above the waterline, the boat being upright, at rest and fully loaded NOTE For a single-plane cockpit bottom, HB is measured at the centre of surface of
42、 this plane. For a multi-plane bottom, HB is measured according to annex B. 3.17 minimum cockpit bottom height HB,min minimum value of HB required by this International Standard 3.18 drain outlet of the cockpit enabling any water contained to be discharged outboard by gravity NOTE A drain can be a p
43、ipe discharging overboard above or below the waterline, a part of the cockpit allowing direct discharge overboard, scuppers and freeing port, etc. 3.19 companionway opening opening giving way to accommodation NOTE There may be several companionway openings. 3.20 companionway door door or closing app
44、liance intended to close a companionway opening 3.21 washboards closing appliance for companionway opening made of several mobile boards that, when closed, are stacked one on top of each other NOTE 1 This is a very frequent device on sailing monohulls. NOTE 2 Boards are added as the weather worsens
45、to constitute a higher sill. 3.22 sill barrier above which water in the cockpit may enter companionway openings and downflood the boat NOTE The lids to cockpit lockers or any opening other than the companionway opening, and leading into non-quick-draining parts of the boat are not considered to be s
46、ills if the closing appliance covering them fulfils the watertightness requirements of clause 9. 3.23 fixed sill sill being a fixed, integral and permanent part of the cockpit ISO 11812:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 5 3.24 semi-fixed sill any closing appliance movable but permanently attached
47、 to the boat which, when in place, constitutes a sill higher than the fixed sill EXAMPLE Sliding or hinged doors, hatches, sliding sills, but excluding washboards. NOTE A lanyard is not regarded as a permanent attachment. 3.25 sill height hs height of sill, either the top of a fixed sill, or of the
48、mobile part, when closed, for a semi-fixed sill 3.26 minimum sill height hs,min minimum value of sill height required by this International Standard 3.27 cockpit volume VC volume, in cubic metres, of water that can be instantaneously contained in the cockpit before discharge, which is the volume bel
49、ow hC 3.28 cockpit volume coefficient kC ratio between the cockpit volume and the reserve buoyancy C C HmaxM V k L BF = 3.29 degree of watertightness ability of a closing appliance, fitting or surface, to resist ingress of water according to the conditions of protection from water NOTE The degreee of water tightness is summarized as follows. Degree 1 Degree of tightness providing protection against effects of continuous immersion in water. Degree 2 Degree of tightness provid
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