BS-6043-4.5-1991.pdf
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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-4.5: 1991 Methods of sampling and test for Carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 4: Cold ramming pastes Section 4.5 Determination of water content of unbaked pastes NOTEIt is recommended that this Section be read in conjunction with the general informatio
2、n in BS 6043-4.0, published separately. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:27:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.5:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee, was published under the aut
3、hority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 31 October 1991 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/24 Draft for comment 90/54845 DC ISBN 0 580 19729 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this Br
4、itish Standard was entrusted by the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee (CIC/-) to Technical Committee CIC/24, upon which the following bodies were represented: Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. Chemical Industries Association Institute of Petroleum Refractories Association of Grea
5、t Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:27:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.5:1991 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 0Introduction1 1Scope1 2Princi
6、ple1 3Reagent1 4Apparatus1 5Sampling3 6Preparation of test sample3 7Procedure3 8Calculation and expression of results3 9Test report3 Figure 1 Typical assembly of Dean and Stark apparatus (4.2)1 Figure 2 2 mL receiver (4.2)2 Figure 3 Typical reflux condenser (4.2.3)3 Publication(s) referred toInside
7、back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:27:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.5:1991 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 6043 has been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee to provide a method of test for col
8、d ramming pastes used in the production of aluminium. There is no corresponding International Standard; however, it is intended, upon publication of this Section of BS 6043, that it be offered to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for possible adoption as an International Stand
9、ard. It is essential to use BS 6043-4.1 in conjunction with this Section of BS 6043. This standard describes a method of test only, and should not be used or quoted as a specification defining the characteristics of a product. Reference to this Section should indicate that the method of test used is
10、 in accordance with BS 6043-4.5:1991. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Sum
11、mary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside f
12、ront cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:27:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.5:1991 BSI 10-19991 0 Introduction The binders used in cold ramming pastes may be coal tar or bituminous in character or may alternatively comprise one or more resins. Cer
13、tain types of resins evolve water as a result of the polymerization process; this British Standard determination is not suitable for application to ramming materials containing resin binders. 1 Scope This Section of BS 6043 describes an azeotropic distillation method for the determination of the wat
14、er content of unbaked cold ramming pastes used in aluminium manufacture. The method is applicable to cold ramming pastes made with coal tar or bituminous binders, having water contents in the range 0.1 % to 2 % (m/m). The method is not applicable to cold ramming pastes made with resin-based binders,
15、 e.g. phenol-formaldehyde or foam types. NOTE 1Water contents in excess of 2 % (m/m) may be determined by using a larger receiver. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Principle A sample of cold ramming paste is heated under reflux
16、with xylene. The condensate of xylene and water is collected in a graduated receiver and the volume of water which separates out in the graduated part of the receiver is measured. 3 Reagent WARNING. Refer to the reagent suppliers health and safety data sheets for the precautions which are to be obse
17、rved for the safe use of the reagent. 3.1 Xylene, any of its isomers, or a mixture of these isomers in any proportion provided that the boiling range is between 130 C and 140 C, of recognized analytical grade. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus 4.2 Dean and Stark apparatus, complying with
18、 type 1 of BS 756:1952, comprising the items described in 4.2.1 to 4.2.4. Before use, remove all traces of contamination from the graduated receiver (4.2.2) and from the interior of the reflux condenser (4.2.3) by washing them successively with, for example, a proprietary laboratory detergent, disti
19、lled water and acetone, then drying. Perfect cleanliness of the apparatus is essential. NOTEThis cleaning procedure ensures good water wetting characteristics. 4.2.1 Distillation flask, of glass, capacity 500 mL, with a ground-glass joint to fit the receiver (4.2.2) (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Typical
20、assembly of Dean and Stark apparatus (4.2) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 14:27:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6043-4.5:1991 2 BSI 10-1999 4.2.2 Graduated receiver, of capacity 2 mL, graduated at every 0.05 mL with a maximum error of 0.02 mL (see Figure 2).
21、For cold ramming pastes with water contents in excess of 2 % (m/m) use a receiver of 10 mL capacity, graduated at every 0.2 mL with a maximum error of 0.06 mL. 4.2.3 Reflux condenser, water-jacketted, with a ground-glass joint to fit the receiver (4.2.2) (see Figure 1 and Figure 3). 4.2.4 Electrical
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