ISO-13571-2007.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO 13571:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13571 First edition 2007-06-15 Life-threatening components of fire Guidelines for the estimation of time available for escape using fire data Composants dangereux du feu Lignes directrices pour lestimation du temps disponible po
2、ur lvacuation, utilisant les caractristiques du feu Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=DAWSON, DAVIS Not for Resale, 07/03/2007 03:24:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
3、m IHS -,-,- ISO 13571:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editi
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6、he address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from eit
7、her ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright Internation
8、al Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=DAWSON, DAVIS Not for Resale, 07/03/2007 03:24:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13571:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents P
9、age Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 General principles. 3 4.1 Time available for escape 3 4.2 Toxic-gas model 3 4.3 Mass-loss model. 4 4.4 Heat and radiant energy model. 4 4.5 Smoke-obscuration model. 4 5 Significance and use 4 6 Toxic-ga
10、s models 5 6.1 Asphyxiant-gas model 5 6.2 Irritant-gas model 7 7 Mass-loss model. 8 8 Heat 9 9 Smoke-obscuration model. 11 10 Report 12 Annex A (informative) Context and mechanisms of toxic potency. 13 Bibliography. 18 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under li
11、cense with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=DAWSON, DAVIS Not for Resale, 07/03/2007 03:24:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13571:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
12、worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
13、 on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are draft
14、ed in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stan
15、dard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13571 was prepared b
16、y Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire threat to people and environment. This first edition of ISO 13571 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 13571:2002 which has been technically revised. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wi
17、th ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=DAWSON, DAVIS Not for Resale, 07/03/2007 03:24:03 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13571:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction When evaluating the consequences to human life, the crucial criteri
18、on for life safety in fires is that the time available for escape be greater than the time required for escape. (Within the context of this International Standard, escape can be to a place of safe refuge.) The sole purpose of the methodology described here is to provide a framework for use in estima
19、ting the time available for escape. The time available for escape is the interval between the time of ignition and the time after which conditions become untenable, such that occupants can no longer take effective action to accomplish their own escape. Untenable conditions during fires result from a
20、) exposure to radiant and convected heat; b) inhalation of asphyxiant gases; c) exposure to sensory/upper-respiratory irritants; d) visual obscuration due to smoke. The time available for escape is the calculated time interval between the time of ignition and the time at which conditions become such
21、 that an occupant is unable to take effective action to escape to a safe refuge or place of safety. As occupants are exposed to heat and fire effluents, their escape behaviour, movement speed and choice of exit route are also affected, reducing the efficiency of their actions and delaying escape; se
22、e ISO/TR 13387-8. These factors affect the time required for escape and are, therefore, not considered in this International Standard. The methodology described here cannot be used alone to evaluate the overall fire safety performance of specific materials or products and cannot, therefore, constitu
23、te a test method. Rather, the equations in this International Standard are used as input to a fire hazard or risk analysis; see ISO 13387 (all parts). In such an analysis, the calculated time available for escape depends on many characteristics of the fire, the enclosure and the occupants themselves
24、. The nature both of the fire (e.g. heat release rate, quantity and types of combustibles, fuel chemistry) and of the enclosure (e.g. dimensions, ventilation) determine the toxic-gas concentrations, the gas and wall temperatures and the density of smoke throughout the enclosure as a function of time
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