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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6100-2.3: 1992 Glossary of Building and civil engineering terms Part 2: Civil engineering Section 2.3 Superstructures. Bridges. Large span structures Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3:1992 This B
2、ritish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee B/500, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1992 BSI 03-1999 First published September 1989 Second edition September 1992 The following BSI references relate
3、 to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/500 Draft for comment 91/15111 DC ISBN 0 580 20962 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Commit
4、tee B/500, Basic data, upon which the following bodies were represented: Building Employers Confederation Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Convention of Scottish Local Authorities Department of Education and Science Department of the Environment Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors M
5、eteorological Office National Building Specification Ltd. National Council of Building Material Producers National House-building Council Royal Institute of British Architects Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
6、 through subcommittees B/500/4, Terminology: Association of Builders Hardware Manufacturers Brick Development Association British Cement Association British Waterways Board Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Clay Pipe Development Association Limited Department of the Environment (P
7、roperty Services Agency) Department of Transport Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Plastering and Drywall Contractors Glass and Glazing Federation Guild of Architectural Ironmongers Gypsum Products Development Association Institution of Civil Engineers Royal Institution of Ch
8、artered Surveyors Timber Trade Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3:1992 BSI 03-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordi
9、i 230 1Base terms1 230 2Superstructures1 230 3Bridges2 230 4Members and components3 230 5Methods of construction4 230 6Bearings4 230 7Loadings5 Figure 1 Types of roller bearing6 Figure 2 Types of rocker bearing6 Figure 3 Types of knuckle bearing7 Figure 4 Pot bearing8 Figure 5 Elastomeric laminated
10、bearing8 Index9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3:1992 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword This Section of Part 2 of BS 6100 has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/500, Basic data, and supersedes BS 6100
11、-2.3:1989, which is withdrawn. This Section includes terms relating to the design and construction of types of superstructures, bridges and large span structures together with members and components of bridges. This edition introduces technical changes but it does not reflect a full review or revisi
12、on of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. A general introduction to the explanation of this glossary is given in Part 0 of BS 6100 which itemizes the Parts, Sections and Subsections into which this glossary is divided and provides a general alphabetical index of all the terms in th
13、e Sections and Subsections already published. Those using individual Sections and Subsections of this glossary are urged to consult Part 0 when doing so. The other Sections of this Part are as follows. 2.1 Structural design and elements 2.2 Sub-structures. Earthworks. Foundations. Tunnels 2.4 Highwa
14、y, railway and airport engineering 2.5 Water engineering 2.6 Natural waters. Inland. Coastal. Marine 2.7 Public health. Environmental engineering 2.8 Pipelines. Ducts Terms are listed alphabetically in the index and are referred to by numbers which are found against the term in the body of the Secti
15、on. There they are arranged in a classified order, each term having an individual number consisting of seven digits in two pairs, the first of three digits, the second of four. The first three digits represent the number of the Part, Section and Subsection (in this case, the third digit is 0 as ther
16、e is no division into Subsections). The fourth digit represents the group of terms, the fifth digit represents the subgroup of terms and the last two digits represent the place within the subgroup. Alternative terms are given in medium type below the preferred terms with their status indicated, e.g.
17、 “deprecated”, “regional”. These terms are not individually numbered, but are included in the index with a reference to the preferred term. Terms of more than one word, e.g. “cooling tower”, are written in a direct style, not as “tower, cooling”. The inverted term is included in the index with a ref
18、erence to the direct term. It is to be noted that, while this Section deal with the more basic terms connected with civil engineering, many of the head terms relating to more specific aspects will occur only in the other, relevant, Sections and in particular in Section 2.1 “Structural design and ele
19、ments”. Italicized words in definitions indicate terms that are defined elsewhere in this Section. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard d
20、oes not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated.
21、 This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3:1992 BSI 03-19991 No.TermDefinition 230 1 Base terms 230 1001construction worksEverything that is construct
22、ed or results from construction operations. 230 1002civil engineering worksConstruction works that comprises a structure, such as a dam, bridge, road, railway, runway or sewerage system; or the results of operations such as dredging, earthwork, geotechnical processes, but excluding a building and it
23、s associated site works. 230 1003buildingConstruction works that has the provision of shelter for its occupants or contents as one of its main purposes and is usually enclosed and designed to stand permanently in one place. 230 1004structureOrganized combination of connected parts designed to provid
24、e some measure of rigidity, or a construction works having such an arrangement. 230 1005superstructurePart of a structure above the substructure. 230 1006bridgeCivil engineering works that affords passage to pedestrians, animals, vehicles, waterways and services above obstacles or between two points
25、 at a height above the ground. 230 1007large span structureStructure that includes a span in excess of 50 m. 230 2 Superstructures 230 2001cable supported structure Structure in which support is provided from suspended cables. 230 2002cable stayed structureStructure in which support is provided from
26、 straight, inclined cables. 230 2003air-supported structureStructure formed by a thin flexible membrane that is supported by causing internal air pressure, to exceed the external pressure. 230 2004space frameThree-dimensional assembly of sections for roofs over large spans. 230 2005lamella roofRoof
27、supported by a space frame in which connecting structural members form a diamond pattern. 230 2006shell roofRoof formed of a thin curved structural slab. 230 2007canopyRooflike covering usually projecting over an entrance or window or along the side of a wall. 230 2008domeCurved roof structure of a
28、hemispherical or approximately hemispherical shape. 230 2009hyperbolic paraboloid roof Shell roof of hyperbolic paraboloid shape. 230 2010barrel vault roofShell roof partly cylindrical in section. 230 2011frameStructure composed principally of linear structural members. 230 2012steel frameFrame in w
29、hich the structural members are of steel. 230 2013framed structureStructure whose strength and stability rely mainly on its structural skeleton, rather than on loadbearing walls. 230 2014structural skeletonFrame that forms the main load carrying part of a structure. 230 2015claddingExternal, vertica
30、l or near-vertical non-loadbearing covering to a structure. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3:1992 2 BSI 03-1999 No.TermDefinition 230 2016gantryHigh level platform and its supports that both enables activities to b
31、e carried out or equipment to be supported at that level, and allows passage or operations underneath. 230 2017crane gantryColumns and beams that support the ends of a moving crane. 230 2018chimney shaftChimney that is of substantial height and usually contains a flue of large cross section. 230 201
32、9towerVertical structure tall in relation to its cross section. 230 2020lattice tower pylon deprecated Tower made up of a number of structural members forming a lattice structure. 230 2021mastTall vertical slender structure often held in position by guys. 230 2022cooling towerStructure for lowering
33、the temperature of water by evaporative cooling. 230 2023water towerCivil engineering works that comprises a large water tank raised above ground level. 230 2024siloStructure for the storage of a large volume of loose material. 230 2025storage bunkerStructure, or excavation supported by a structure,
34、 to retain stored materials, usually without a roof. 230 2026gasholder gasometer deprecated Large vessel in which gas is stored and that allows compensation to be made for fluctuations in the rate of gas production and demand. 230 2027shelterStructure that affords protection from the elements, crimi
35、nal action or hostile action. 230 2028ski jumpStructure, usually framed, that carries an inclined platform to facilitate take-off for ski jumpers. 230 2029velodromeArena that comprises both a banked track for cycle racing and facilities for spectators. 230 2030standFree-standing tiered structure for
36、 spectators. 230 2031grandstandPermanent covered stand of substantial dimensions, often incorporating various amenities. 230 2032amusement structureTemporary or permanent structure at fairgrounds or places of amusement that provides facilities for thrills or excitement for the general public. 230 20
37、33falseworkAny temporary structure used to support a permanent structure while it is not self-supporting during construction work, modification or demolition. 230 2034hoarding (1)Temporary construction, usually of timber boards, that encloses a site or is erected as a barrier to prevent access. 230
38、2035hoarding (2)Free standing structure, or construction attached to a building, to provide a surface to carry advertisements. 230 3 Bridges 230 3001suspension bridgeBridge, the main elements of which are cables from which the deck (2) is suspended. 230 3002arch bridgeBridge, the main structure of w
39、hich is one or more arches. 230 3003cable stayed bridgeBridge, the main structural members of which are beams supported by one or more straight inclined cables supported by a tower. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3
40、:1992 BSI 03-19993 No.TermDefinition 230 3004bow string bridgeBridge, the main structure of which is an arch and its tie. 230 3005skew bridgeBridge, where the angle between the longitudinal axis and the lines of support is not a right angle. 230 3006cantilever bridgeBridge, the main structural membe
41、rs of which are cantilevers. 230 3007box girder bridgeBridge, the main structural members of which are box girders. 230 3008slab bridgeBridge composed of a single slab of stone or concrete. 230 3009girder bridgeBridge in which the main structural members are girders. 230 3010lattice girder bridgeBri
42、dge in which the main structural members are lattice girders. 230 3011deck bridgeBridge in which the deck (2) is positioned at the top of the main bridge beams or trusses. 230 3012through bridgeBridge in which the deck (2) is positioned at or close to the bottom of the main bridge beams or trusses.
43、230 3013movable bridgeBridge, over a waterway in which the deck (2) can be moved to permit navigation. 230 3014swing bridgeMovable bridge, the deck (2) of which can be rotated about a vertical axis. 230 3015bascule bridgeMovable bridge, the deck (2) of which is counterbalanced and hinged on a horizo
44、ntal axis. 230 3016lift bridgeMovable bridge, the deck (2) of which can be raised vertically. 230 3017drawbridgeMovable bridge in which the deck (2) can be rotated about a hinge at one end and the other end raised. 230 3018retractable bridge traversing bridge deprecated Movable bridge in which the d
45、eck (2) can be withdrawn temporarily from its normal position. 230 3019transporter bridge traversing bridge deprecated Bridge at high level supporting a carrier from which a platform or container is suspended and transported from one bank to another. 230 3020floating bridge pontoon bridge deprecated
46、 Bridge supported by water. 230 3021Bailey bridgeLattice girder bridge fabricated in small units to facilitate transportation and speedy erection, originally designed for military purposes. 230 3022viaductBridge composed of a large number of spans. 230 4 Members and components 230 4001box girderGird
47、er whose cross section is of closed monocellular or multicellular form. 230 4002aerial ropewaySystem of ropes carried on towers or masts or masts to transport loads. 230 4003cableway Blondin deprecated Aerial ropeway suspended between only two supports. 230 4004guyRope fixed at one end to a structur
48、e, and at the other end to an anchorage to provide restraint. 230 4005sway brace sway rod deprecated Bracing structural member, usually diagonal, to resist lateral forces in a superstructure. 230 4006wind bracingBracing designed to resist wind forces. 230 4007trussBraced frame designed to act as a b
49、eam. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 01:12:24 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6100-2.3:1992 4 BSI 03-1999 No.TermDefinition 230 4008lattice girderTruss that has parallel or nearly parallel upper and lower structural members, that have connecting bracing including diagonal structural members. 230 4009Pratt trussTruss that has vertical and diagonal structural members between the chords, that together form right angled triangles. 230 4010Vierendeel trussTruss that has only vertical structural members rigidly connected between the u
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