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1、 Reference number ISO 13691:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13691 First edition 2001-12-15 Petroleum and natural gas industries High-speed special-purpose gear units Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Engrenages grande vitesse pour applications particulires ISO 13691:2001(E) PDF disc
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4、he file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All r
5、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
6、the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved ISO 13691:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v
7、1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .3 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 6 5 Basic design.7 5.1 General7 5.2 Gear rating10 5.3 Gear elements15 5.4 Casings.18 5.5 Casing connections.20 5.6 Dynamics21 5.7 Bearings and bearing housings.24 5.8 Lubrication .26 5.9 Materials .26 5.10 Na
8、meplates and rotation arrows27 6 Accessories28 6.1 General28 6.2 Couplings and guards.28 6.3 Mounting plates.28 6.4 Controls and instrumentation 30 6.5 Piping and appurtenances30 6.6 Special tools.31 7 Inspection, testing and preparation for shipment31 7.1 General31 7.2 Inspection.31 7.3 Testing34 7
9、.4 Preparation for shipment37 8 Vendors data.38 8.1 General38 8.2 Proposals .39 8.3 Contract data40 Annex A (informative) Special-purpose gear unit data sheets.42 Annex B (informative) Lateral critical speed map and mode shapes for typical rotor 47 Annex C (informative) Couplings for high-speed gear
10、 units49 Annex D (informative) Vendor requirements regarding drawings and data .54 Annex E (informative) Gear tooth inspection.60 Annex F (informative) Inspectors checklist.61 Annex G (informative) Relationship of tooth rating factors between ISO 13691, ISO 9084 and API 613.66 Bibliography70 ISO 136
11、91:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
12、 body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Elect
13、rotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopte
14、d by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the sub
15、ject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13691 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee SC 2, Gear capacity calculation. ISO 13691 is based on API 613 and is intended to give ratings similar to those found w
16、hen using API 613. Annexes A to G of this International Standard are for information only. ISO 13691:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard is based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of manufacturers and users of gear units. It has been developed to
17、 satisfy the requirements of the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, but its use is not restricted to these industries. The purpose of this International Standard is to establish minimum requirements for design and construction so that the equipment is suitable for the purpose for w
18、hich it is required. Energy conservation and protection of the environment are matters of concern and are important in all aspects of equipment design, application and operation. The manufacturers and users of equipment should aggressively pursue alternative, innovative approaches which improve ener
19、gy utilization and/or minimize the environmental impact, without sacrificing safety or reliability. Such approaches should be thoroughly investigated and purchase options should increasingly be based on the estimation of whole-life costs and the environmental consequences rather than acquisition cos
20、ts alone. This International Standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. Users of this International Standard should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for individual applications. This international Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor
21、 from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly appropriate where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from thi
22、s International Standard and provide details. A bullet (?) at the beginning of a paragraph indicates that either a decision is required or further information is to be provided by the purchaser. This information should be indicated on the data sheets; otherwise it should be stated in the quotation r
23、equest or in the order. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13691:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries High-speed special- purpose gear units 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for enclosed, precision, single and double helical, one-
24、and two-stage speed increasers and reducers of parallel shaft design with pinion speeds of 3000 min1 or greater, or pitch line velocities of 25 m/s or greater, for special purpose applications. Such applications will typically be required to operate continuously for extended periods, without install
25、ed spare equipment and are critical to the continued operation of the installation. By agreement this International Standard may be used for other services. This International Standard also specifies a method of rating gears which meet the following criteria: a) gear accuracy teeth accuracy: accurac
26、y grade 4 or better as given in ISO 1328-1:1995, for both single pitch deviation, fpt, and total cumulative pitch deviation, Fp, total helix deviation F between the helices of the pinion and wheel: accuracy grade 4 or better as given in ISO 1328-1:1995; b) range of the transverse contact ratios: 1,2
27、 1; g) helical gears with 1,2 u u 2,0; h) helical gears with 5 u u 35. G.3 Symbols and units See Table G.1. Table G.1 Symbol Meaning Unit Q accuracy grade in accordance with ISO 1328-1 face overlap ratio transverse contact ratio helix angle Ft tangential load N P transmitted power kW d1 pinion refer
28、ence pitch diameter mm ISO 13691:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 67 Table G.1 (continued) Symbol Meaning Unit n1 pinion speed min1 KSL selection factor (ISO 13691) KA application factor (ISO 9084) SF service factor (API 613) H calculated contact stress number N/mm2 ZH zone factor ZE elasticity
29、factor 2 N/mm Z contact ratio factor Z helix angle factor Kv dynamic factor KH face load factor for contact stress b face width mm u gear ratio b base helix angle wt operating transverse pressure angle t transverse pressure angle F calculated bending stress number N/mm2 mn normal module mm YF form f
30、actor YS stress correction factor Y helix angle factor KF face load factor for tooth root stress G.4 Nominal tangential load, Ft The nominal tangential load, Ft determined in the transverse plane at the reference cylinder is used in the stress calculations and is calculated by: t 11 19 0981000P F dn
31、 = (G.1) G.5 Selection factor, KSL The application factor, KA, in ISO 9084 has been renamed selection factor, KSL, in ISO 13691. For like combinations of prime mover and driven equipment the selection factor, KSL, is the same numerical value and serves the same purpose as the service factor, SF, fou
32、nd in API 613. ISO 13691:2001(E) 68 ISO 2001 All rights reserved G.6 Rating formulas G.6.1 Contact stress for pinion/gear, H The rating method for contact stress found in this International Standard is a simplification of the method found in ISO 9084 wherein some of the rating factors are set. To ma
33、intain consistency with accepted practice, the application factor KA as found in ISO 9084 has been changed to a selection factor KSL. With this change the basic rating equation for contact stress found in ISO 9084 is: SLvHt HHE 1 1 KK KF u Z Z Z Z d bu + = (G.2) Three factors associated with the geo
34、metry of the gear teeth, zone factor, ZH, contact ratio factor, Z, and helix angle factor, Z are calculated as shown below: bwt H 2 twt 2 cos cos = cos sin Z a ba a (G.3) 1 Z = (G.4) cosZ= (G.5) The product of the zone factor, contact ratio factor and helix angle factor varies closely around a value
35、 of 1,8 or ZH Z Z 1,8. Therefore, a value of 1,8 is used and: H 1,8Z Z Z= (G.6) For a steel pinion and wheel, the value for the elasticity factor is 189,8 and: E 189,8Z= (G.7) The internal dynamic factor Kv allows for the dynamic effects resulting from the geometrical deviations in the gear teeth. F
36、or high-speed gears with a gear accuracy grade Q5 or better according to ISO 1328-1, a value of 1,15 shall be assumed and: v 1,15K= (G.8) The face load factor KH takes into account the influence of the non-uniform distribution of load across the gear face width. As explained in the body of the stand
37、ard proper control of the influences which effect this factor are required. Therefore, a value of 1,35 is selected for the face load factor and: H 1,35K= (G.9) Inserting these values into the equation for contact stress results in: SLt H 1 1,15 1,351 1,8 (189,9) KFu dbu s + = (G.10) ISO 13691:2001(E
38、) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 69 or t HSL 1 1 426 Fu K dbu s + = (G.11) G.6.2 Calculated bending stress number, F The rating method for the calculated bending stress number root stress found in this International Standard is a simplification of the method found in ISO 9084 wherein some of the ratin
39、g factors are set. To maintain consistency with accepted practice the application factor KA as found in ISO 9084 has been changed to a selection factor KSL. With this change the basic rating equation for tooth root stress found in ISO 9084 is: t FFSSLvF n F YYYKKF mb = (G.12) The internal dynamic fa
40、ctor Kv allows for the dynamic effects resulting from the geometrical deviations in the gear teeth. For high speed gears with a gear accuracy grade Q5 or better according to ISO 1328-1, a value of 1,15 shall be assumed and: v 1,15K= (G.13) The face load factor KF takes into account the influence of
41、the non-uniform distribution of load across the gear face width. As explained in the body of the standard proper control of the influences which effect this factor are required. Therefore, a value of 1,35 is selected for the face load, so: F 1,35K= (G.14) Inserting these values into the equation for
42、 bending stress results in: t FFSSL n 1,15 1,35 F YYYK mb = (G.15) or: t FSLFS n 1,55 F KYYY mb = (G.16) The factors YF YS Y are as calculated in accordance with ISO 9084. These factors taken together are analogous to the Geometry Factor J as found in AGMA and API standards. G.6.3 Allowable design s
43、tress numbers, HAD and FAD The allowable design contact stress numbers HAD (for surface durability) and allowable design bending stress number FAD (for bending strength) are established by applying the principle that the successful and satisfactory gear design experience when using API 613 be fully
44、maintained. The values for the allowable design contact stress numbers, HAD and allowable design bending stress number, FAD have been selected such that gears designed in accordance with API 613 and this International Standard should have equal safety margins relative to torque capacity when applyin
45、g numerically equal values to the service factor, SF, in API 613 and the selection factor, KSL, in this International Standard. ISO 13691:2001(E) 70 ISO 2001 All rights reserved Bibliography 1 ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction a
46、nd general influence factors 2 ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) 3 ISO/TR 10064-1, Cylindrical gears Code of inspection practice Part 1: Inspection of corresponding flanks of gear teeth 4 ISO 14635-1, Gears FZG test
47、 procedure Part 1: FZG test method A/8.3/90 for relative scuffing load- carrying capacity of oils 5 ASME, Boiler and pressure vessel code Section IX 6 ASTM A 515, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service 7 NORM M 3002, Ultrasonic testing of steel forgings Performance, inspection coverage, quality level 8 SEP 1923, Ultrasonic testing of forgings for higher requirements, in particular for parts of turbines and generators ISO 13691:2001(E) ICS 21.200 Price based on 70 pages ISO 2001 All rights reserved
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