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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16247 First edition 2004-10-15 Reference number ISO 16247:2004(E) ISO 2004 Road vehicles Detection of exhaust system leaks Helium test method and detection device specification Vhicules routiers Dtection des fuites du dispositif dchappement Mthode dessai lhlium et spcifica
2、tion du dispositif de dtection ISO 16247:2004(E) ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to
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5、s found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissi
6、on in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland -,-,- ISO 16247:2004(E) ISO 200
7、4 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
8、in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commi
9、ssion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technica
10、l committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shal
11、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16247 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine tests. -,-,- . iv -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 16247:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Road vehicles Detection of exhaust
12、 system leaks Helium test method and detection device specification 1Scope This International Standard specifies a helium test method for detecting and localizing gas leaks in the exhaust systems of road vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine, in order to improve the quality of exhaust
13、 gas measurements. In doing so, it completes the requirements of ISO 3929, applicable regulations and, depending on the leak rate to be detected, ISO 13556. The method is particularly applicable for use in automotive workshops, by end-of-line of automotive and exhaust parts manufacturers, in laborat
14、ories prior to exhaust emission tests, and in testing and diagnosis stations. 2Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refer
15、enced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3929, Road vehicles Measurement methods for exhaust gas emissions during inspection or maintenance 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 exhaust system all parts between the join
16、t face of the cylinder head(s) and the outlet pipe(s) 3.2 leak outward exhaust gas flow or inward air flow which can affect the exhaust emissions measurement result 3.3 tracer gas gas used for detecting leaks NOTEThe method specified by this International Standard uses helium as the tracer gas. 3.4
17、detection device device designed to detect low concentrations of specified tracer gas and so facilitate the location of leaks 3.5 pressurisation device device used to keep the exhaust system at the pre-determined pressure 3.6 restriction and calibration device device designed to increase the pressur
18、e in the exhaust line, in order to facilitate the detection and localization of leaks, and to gauge the exhaust line involving tracer gas introduced by a plugged outlet -,-,- ISO 16247:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3.7 detection time time needed to obtain a signal useful for the operator wh
19、ich indicates a leak equivalent to a diameter hole with the engine running at idle speed and helium (He) in the exhaust gas flow 4Apparatus 4.1Equipment for auditive detection This shall consist of the following. 4.1.1Pressurization device, comprising the following (see Figure 1). 4.1.1.1Supply of c
20、lean, dry, oil-free and compressed air, capable of maintaining the pressure given in 5.2 b). 4.1.1.2Adjustable pressure regulator, with a limit of )1). 4.1.1.3Manometer, suitable and having an accuracy of . 4.1.1.4Flexible, leak-proof connecting device, used to connect the pressurization device to t
21、he exhaust outlet, and adaptable to external or internal exhaust outlet tubing. For exhaust systems with multiple outlets, each outlet shall be pressurized and tested separately. Outlets not pressurized shall be plugged. Key 1air 2pressure regulator 3manometer 4flexible connecting device 5exhaust ou
22、tlet Figure 1 Pressurization device 1); 0,1 mm 2 % 40 kPa(=0,4 bar 1 bar=0,1 MPa=105Pa 1 MPa=1 N/mm2 2 % -,-,- ISO 16247:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 4.2Equipment for helium detection This shall consist of the following. 4.2.1Tracer gas injection device, comprising the following (see Figur
23、e 2). 4.2.1.1Industrial helium gas bottle, with gas flow-rate adjusting device. 4.2.1.2Gas injection pipe, to be connected to the engine air intake. 4.2.2Connecting device for connecting the restriction and calibration device (4.2.3), adaptable to external or internal exhaust outlet tubing, and suff
24、iciently flexible and leak-proof. 4.2.3Restriction and calibration device, its restriction part being used to add () pressure in the exhaust line, in order to make all leaks from the exhaust line positive compared to the initial state and render the detection more convenient, and its calibration par
25、t constituted by a diameter calibrated hole for adjusting the helium concentration needed during the leak check. NOTEGenerally, in order to obtain a pressure increase of (), it is sufficient to reduce the exhaust outlet section to with a section reducer. See Figure 3. Key 1gas bottle 2flow-rate adju
26、sting device 3gas injection pipe 4engine air intake Figure 2 Helium injection device 3 kPa=0,03 bar 1 mm 3 kPa=0,03 bar 15 mm ISO 16247:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 4.2.4Detection device, having the following characteristics and requirements. All components of its gas handling system shall
27、 be made of corrosion-resistant material, the material employed for the line shall not retain helium, and the material of the sampling probe shall withstand the exhaust gas temperature () and shall be rigid. It shall have both a handheld display and an audio leak indicator. The sampling line tube le
28、ngth shall be at least . The sampling probe (see Figure 4) shall guarantee the accessibility to any area around the exhaust system. The sampled gas flow shall be filtered to remove any water and dust. The equipment shall provide a warning message to the operator when the sampled flow is insufficient
29、. There shall be a ( by volume)2) helium (He) mark on the display (see Figure 5). The detection device shall have 1)a detection time , 2)sensitivity only to helium, 3)a capacity to detect a calibrated leak of diameter under optimal detection conditions, with the engine running at the idle speed and
30、( by volume) helium in the exhaust gas flow, Dimensions in millimetres Key 1exhaust outlet 2flexible connecting device 3 diameter calibrated hole 4sampling line 5restriction device 6gas outlet a To the helium detector. Figure 3 Restriction and calibration device 2)“Parts per million (ppm)” is a depr
31、ecated unit, i.e. not accepted by the International System of Units, SI. It is used exceptionally in this International Standard, in parentheses, immediately following the SI unit of equivalent value in order to correspond to other, closely related and already published, standards. The accepted SI f
32、orm for the expression of a volume fraction is in units of microlitres per litre (l/l), or, alternatively, as or as a percentage volume fraction (% volume fraction). See ISO 31-0:1992, 2.3.3, and ISO 31-8:1992. 1 mm 200 C 6 m 20 000l/l=20 000 ppm 106 ?5 s 1 mm 20 000l/l=20 000 ppm ISO 16247:2004(E)
33、ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 4)a constant flow chosen to obtain the maximum reading sensitivity, and 5)when using a car running at idle speed or an equivalent gas generator, under optimal measurement conditions, the conventional calibration curve given in Figure 6, using a pipe with calibrated lea
34、ks of , , , and . The detection device shall operate under the following conditions: 1)power supply appropriated to local standards and the users needs; 2)ambient temperature of to ; 3)relative ambient humidity of max; 4)ambient pressure of to . Dimensions in millimetres a Dimensions and external sh
35、apes are free choice. Figure 4 Sampling probe Key leak diameter, in mm 1 () mark Figure 5 Display scheme 0,1 mm 0,2 mm 0,5 mm 0,8 mm1 mm 5 C 40 C 90 % 860 hPa1 060 hPa d 20 000l/l=20 000 ppm ISO 16247:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5Test method 5.1General The search for leaks is made in two
36、main steps. Step 1: engine stopped auditive detection exhaust line pressurized. Step 2: engine running at idling speed hot exhaust system detection using helium tracer gas. 5.2Procedure Step 1 The aim of this procedure is to detect major exhaust system leaks, corresponding to holes to diameter and g
37、reater, in preparation for Step 2. It may be performed with the exhaust system hot, or cold and pressurized. a)Install the pressurization device at the exhaust outlet as shown in Figure 1. b)Pressurize the exhaust system to (). c)Detect and localize the leak; listen for the whistling which proves th
38、e presence of leak. The operator may be aided by the feeling of the air jet on his hand. d)Repair the leak on the defective part(s) according to the vehicle manufacturers instructions. e)After repair, check again that there are no audible leaks. f)Remove the pressurization device. g)Before proceedin
39、g to Step 2, warm up the vehicle in accordance with either the manufacturers instructions or ISO 3929. Xhole diameter, mm Yhelium l/l (ppm) Figure 6 Apparatus calibration data 1,5 mm2 mm 0,4 kPa0,05 kPa=0,4 bar0,05 bar -,-,- ISO 16247:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 7 5.3Procedure Step 2 The ai
40、m of this procedure is to detect exhaust systems leaks corresponding to up to a diameter hole, using helium tracer gas. a)Install the equipment in accordance with Figure 7. b)Check that the detection device is prepared for detecting leaks following the manufacturers instructions. c)Install the restr
41、iction and calibration device in accordance with Figure 3 at the exhaust line outlet, with the sampling probe over the diameter hole. d)Install the helium tracer gas injector device at the engine air inlet in accordance with Figure 2. e)Slowly adjust the helium while the engine is running at idling
42、speed, so that the display device is aligned at the ( by volume) He indicator mark (see Figure 5). Do not make any further adjustment. f)Remove the sampling probe from the diameter hole. Plug the hole after removing the probe. g)Scan the whole exhaust line with the sampling probe. The audio signal i
43、ndicates a leak (the gap between the sampling probe and the walls of the exhaust lines should be no greater than ). h)Look for the maximum signal in order to localize the position of the first leak. Mark this leak. Continue to scan the whole exhaust system and do the same in order to localize other
44、potential leaks. i)Turn off the supply of helium at the bottle and stop the engine. j)After repairing all the identified leaks, repeat e) to i) until no further leaks are detected. Key 1gas bottle 2flow-rate adjusting device 3gas injection pipe 4engine air intake 5detection device 6helium detector 7
45、 diameter calibrated hole 8pressurization device Figure 7 Test set-up Step 2 0,1 mm 1 mm 20 000l/l=20 000 ppm 1 mm 2 cm 0,1 mm -,-,- ISO 16247:2004(E) 8 ISO 2004 All rights reserved Bibliography 1ISO 13556, Road vehicles Localization of exhaust system leaks and equipment specifications 2ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units Part 0: General principles 3ISO 31-8:1992, Quantities and units Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics . 9 -,-,- ISO 16247:2004(E) ICS 43.060.20 Price based on 8 pages ISO 2004 All rights reserved -,-,-
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