ISO-18283-2006.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO 18283:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18283 First edition 2006-09-15 Hard coal and coke Manual sampling Houille et coke chantillonnage manuel Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/11111
2、11001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:17:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 18283:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but sha
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5、ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electron
6、ic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org
7、Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:17:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
8、 without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 18283:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Establishing a sampling scheme 5 4.1 General. 5 4.2 Sampling methods 6 4.3 Design of the sampling scheme 6
9、4.4 Precision of sampling. 9 4.5 Checking the overall precision for the lot by calculation and selection of sampling scheme. 23 4.6 Determination of acquired precision by replicate sampling 23 4.7 Size analysis 24 5 Methods of sampling 25 5.1 General. 25 5.2 Sampling by time interval 25 5.3 Sampling
10、 by mass interval 25 5.4 Stratified random sampling . 26 5.5 Extracting the increment 26 5.6 Fuel in motion . 27 5.7 Moisture/common sample . 29 5.8 Different fuels 30 5.9 Random selection of increments 30 6 Sampling equipment. 31 6.1 General. 31 6.2 Examples . 32 7 Handling and storage of samples .
11、 39 7.1 Sample size . 39 7.2 Time 39 7.3 Divided sample 39 7.4 Containers . 39 7.5 Moisture loss/breakage or degradation 40 7.6 Identification/labelling 41 8 Sample preparation 41 8.1 General. 41 8.2 Constitution of a sample 41 8.3 Division 42 8.4 Reduction 52 8.5 Mixing. 53 8.6 Air-drying. 53 8.7 C
12、oal Preparation of test samples. 54 8.8 Coke Preparation of test samples 61 9 Packing and marking of samples and sampling report 64 Annex A (informative) Example of calculation of precision, mass of increments, number of sub- lots and number of increments per sub-lot 66 Copyright International Organ
13、ization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:17:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 18283:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Annex B (informative
14、) Methods of sampling large fuels and fuels from stationary lots.69 Bibliography .71 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:17:17 MDTNo reproduction or networki
15、ng permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 18283:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried
16、 out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
17、 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Internation
18、al Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
19、ents of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18283 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 4, Sampling. This first edition of ISO 18283 cancels and replaces
20、ISO 1988:1975 and ISO 2309:1980, which have been technically revised. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 21:17:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted wi
21、thout license from IHS -,-,- ISO 18283:2006(E) vi ISO 2006 All rights reserved Introduction Mechanical sampling from moving streams is the preferred method for sampling fuels. However, often mechanical facilities are not available. Moreover, for sized coal or coke, mechanical sampling can be a probl
22、em because of (size) degradation by the sampling system. The fundamental requirements of sampling are that all particles of the fuel in the lot are accessible to the sampling instrument and that each individual particle has an equal probability of being selected and included in the sample. When samp
23、ling manually, conditions are often far from ideal. The methods described in this International Standard are intended to obtain the most representative sample that can be achieved. Manual sampling should only be applied if no possibility for mechanical sampling exists. The purpose of taking and prep
24、aring a sample of fuel is to provide a test sample that, when analysed, provides test results representative of the lot sampled. The first stage of sampling, known as primary sampling, is the taking from positions distributed over the entire lot of an adequate number of fuel portions known as primar
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