ISO-21439-2009.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO 21439:2009(E) ISO 2009 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21439 First edition 2009-02-15 Clinical dosimetry Beta radiation sources for brachytherapy Dosimtrie clinique Sources de radiation bta pour curiethrapie Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS un
2、der license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/06/2009 03:46:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 21439:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file ma
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5、e file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be r
6、eproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41
7、22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/06/2009 03:46:21 MD
8、TNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 21439:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Beta radiation sources and source data.8 4.1 Ophthalmic and dural brachythe
9、rapy sources.8 4.2 Intravascular brachytherapy sources .9 4.3 Characteristics of radionuclides9 4.4 Source specification .9 5 Dose calculation parameters and formalisms11 5.1 General .11 5.2 Radiation-field parameterization12 5.3 Radial dose profile 13 5.4 Normalization of relative-dose data for see
10、d sources.14 5.5 Adaptation of the TG-43/60 formalism for a long beta radiation line source16 5.6 Reference data sets.17 5.7 Parameters for source uniformity characterization.17 6 Calibration and traceability 19 6.1 Measurand19 6.2 Traceability.19 6.3 Reference point .19 6.4 Primary standards.19 6.5
11、 Secondary standards19 6.6 Transfer standards19 6.7 Calibration of therapeutic beta radiation sources .20 7 Dose measurements in-phantom and measurement corrections20 7.1 Measurements in water or a water-equivalent phantom.20 7.2 Detectors for beta radiation21 7.3 Conversion of absorbed dose in soli
12、d phantoms to absorbed dose to water22 7.4 Effective point of measurement in the detector.24 8 Theoretical modelling .25 8.1 Point-dose kernels 25 8.2 Monte Carlo simulation.26 9 Uncertainties in source calibrations .28 9.1 General .28 9.2 Uncertainty of primary standards28 9.3 Uncertainty of second
13、ary standards.28 9.4 Uncertainty of transfer standards28 9.5 Relationship of dosimetry uncertainty to positional error29 9.6 Uncertainty in theoretical modeling 29 10 Treatment planning and reporting.30 10.1 General .30 10.2 General aspects of treatment planning.30 10.3 Documentation in ophthalmic b
14、rachytherapy30 10.4 Uncertainty of the dose delivered in ophthalmic brachytherapy.30 10.5 Documentation in intravascular brachytherapy.31 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/06/2009 03:46
15、:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 21439:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reserved 10.6 Reporting uncertainties in intravascular brachytherapy.33 11 Clinical quality control 33 11.1 Acceptance tests .33 11.2 Constancy checks .37 Annex A (normative) Refere
16、nce data38 Annex B (informative) Reference data sheet examples 43 Annex C (informative) Primary standards for beta radiation dosimetry52 Annex D (informative) Detectors and phantom materials for clinical dosimetry of beta radiation brachytherapy sources .58 Annex E (informative) Monte Carlo calculat
17、ions68 Annex F (informative) Treatment planning.77 Bibliography82 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/06/2009 03:46:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
18、-,-,- ISO 21439:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.
19、 Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Interna
20、tional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Stan
21、dards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subje
22、ct of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21439 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiation protection. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under licen
23、se with ISO Licensee=HP Monitoring/1111111164 Not for Resale, 04/06/2009 03:46:21 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 21439:2009(E) vi ISO 2009 All rights reserved Introduction Clinical dosimetry covers the methods by which values of the relevant physical qu
24、antity, absorbed dose to water, can be measured at a given point by the use of calibrated instruments in a clinical setting. The application of beta radiation sources for brachytherapy requires new and skilled methods for adequate clinical dosimetry necessitated by the short range of the beta radiat
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