ISO-23611-4-2007.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO 23611-4:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23611-4 First edition 2007-11-15 Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates Part 4: Sampling, extraction and identification of soil-inhabiting nematodes Qualit du sol Prlvement des invertbrs du sol Partie 4: Prlvement, extrac
2、tion et identification des nmatodes du sol Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 21:28:01 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
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6、 given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at
7、 the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright International Organiz
8、ation for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 21:28:01 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23611-4:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewor
9、d iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Principle. 2 4 Reagents 3 5 Apparatus 3 5.1 Sampling 4 5.2 Extraction 4 5.3 Counting 4 5.4 Fixation and preparation of mass slides 5 5.5 Identification 5 6 Procedure 5 6.1 General. 5 6.2 Sampling 5 6.3 Extraction 6 6.4 Counting 7 6.5 Fixat
10、ion and preparation of mass slides 7 6.6 Identification 8 7 Data assessment. 8 8 Study report. 9 Annex A (informative) Figures of equipment and methods for nematological research 10 Annex B (informative) Information about the availability of the Oostenbrink elutriator. 13 Annex C (informative) Infor
11、mation about the Baermann funnel/tray extraction method . 15 Bibliography. 17 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 21:28:01 MSTNo reproduction or networking permit
12、ted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23611-4:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out t
13、hrough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO colla
14、borates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Sta
15、ndards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o
16、f this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23611-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods. ISO 23611 consists of the following parts, under the
17、general title Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates: Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms Part 2: Sampling and extraction of micro-arthropods (Collembola and Acarina) Part 3: Sampling and soil extraction of enchytraeids Part 4: Sampling, extraction and identification of s
18、oil-inhabiting nematodes Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 21:28:01 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23611-4:2007(E
19、) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 23611 has been drawn up since there is a growing need for the standardization of terrestrial zoological field methods. Such methods, mainly covering the sampling, extraction and handling of soil invertebrates, are necessary for the follo
20、wing purposes: biological classification of soils including soil quality assessment 15,17,28; terrestrial bio-indication and long-term monitoring 9,10,13,24; evaluation of the effects of chemicals on soil animals (ISO 11268-3). Data for these purposes are gained by standardized methods since they ca
21、n form the basis for far-reaching decisions (e.g. whether a given site should be remediated or not). In fact, the lack of such standardized methods is one of the most important reasons why bio-classification and bio-assessment in terrestrial (i.e. soil) habitats has so far been relatively rarely use
22、d in comparison to aquatic sites. Nematodes are an important and major part of the soil fauna. Some authors estimate that this group is probably the most dominant one of the multicellular organisms (Metazoa) on earth. Nematodes occur from the Antarctic to the tropics and from deep sea sediments to m
23、ountain regions. They are active in every place with sufficient water and organic material. The species diversity and functional variety are impressive. Nematodes are commonly known as parasites of animals and plants, but the major part of the nematode fauna participates in decomposition processes b
24、y feeding on bacteria and fungi. Nematodes occur in high numbers (5 000 to 100 000)/kg fresh soil and with a high (20 to 100) species diversity in almost every soil sample. Moreover, there is a broad ecological spectrum of feeding types and food web relations among the nematodes such as bacterivores
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