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1、bc Reference number Numro de rfrence ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/IEC 2382-15 First edition Premire dition 1999-06-15 Information technology Vocabulary Part 15: Programming languages Technologies de linformation Vocabulaire Partie 15: Langages de programm
2、ation Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) ISO/IEC 1999 Al
3、l rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. / Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf prescription d
4、iffrente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de lditeur. ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Pr
5、inted in Switzerland/Imprim en Suisse ii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction vi Section 1: General 1.1Scope 1 1.2Normative references 1 1.3Principles and rules followed 2 1.3.1Definition of an entry .2 1.3.2Organization of an entry 2 1.3.3Classification of entries .3 1.3.4Selection of terms and w
6、ording of definitions .3 1.3.5Multiple meanings .3 1.3.6Abbreviations 3 1.3.7Use of parentheses .3 1.3.8Use of brackets .4 1.3.9Use of terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and the use of an asterisk .4 1.3.10 Spelling .4 1.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index 4 Section 2: Terms and
7、 definitions 15Programming languages .5 15.01 Lexical tokens .5 15.02 Declarations 6 15.03 Data objects 8 15.04 Data types .11 15.05 Statements and expressions .16 15.06 Parts of programs .20 15.07 Tasks 24 15.08 Execution 25 15.09 Object-oriented programming .25 15.10 Features and characteristics .
8、27 Alphabetical indexes English .33 French.40 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I
9、SO/IEC ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) iii Sommaire Page Avant-proposv Introduction vii Section 1: Gnralits 1.1Domaine dapplication .1 1.2Rfrences normatives 1 1.3Principes dtablissement et rgles suivies .2 1.3.1Dfinition de larticle .2 1.3.2Constitution dun article .2 1.3.3Classification des articles 3 1
10、.3.4Choix des termes et des dfinitions .3 1.3.5Pluralit de sens ou polysmie 3 1.3.6Abrviations .3 1.3.7Emploi des parenthses 3 1.3.8Emploi des crochets 4 1.3.9Emploi dans les dfinitions de termes imprims en caractres italiques et de lastrisque .4 1.3.10 Mode dcriture et orthographe 4 1.3.11 Constitu
11、tion de lindex alphabtique 4 Section 2: Termes et dfinitions 15Langages de programmations .5 15.01 Units lexicales 5 15.02 Dclarations .6 15.03 Objets de donnes .8 15.04 Types de donnes .11 15.05 Instructions et expressions 16 15.06 lments de programme .20 15.07 Tches .24 15.08 Excution .25 15.09 Pr
12、ogrammation oriente objet .25 15.10 Fonctions et caractristiques .27 Index alphabtiques Anglais 33 Franais 40 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo repro
13、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) ISO/IEC iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies tha
14、t are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other interna
15、tional organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint tec
16、hnical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC 2382
17、-15 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 1, Vocabulary. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 2382-15:1985, which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 2382 will consist of some 37 parts, under the general title Information technology
18、 Vocabulary. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F)
19、v Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lectrotechnique internationale) forment ensemble un systme consacr la normalisation internationale considre comme un tout. Les organismes nationaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Nor
20、mes internationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques crs par lorganisation concerne afin de soccuper des diffrents domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de lISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales, gouver
21、nementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO et la CEI participent galement aux travaux. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 3. Dans le domaine des technologies de linformation, lISO et la CEI ont cr un comit technique m
22、ixte, lISO/CEI JTC 1. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comit technique mixte sont soumis aux organismes nationaux pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales. Les Normes internationales sont approuves conformment aux procdures qui requiert lapprobation de
23、 75% au moins des organismes nationaux votants. La Norme internationale ISO/CEI 2382-15 a t labore par le comit technique mixte ISO/CEI JTC 1, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC 1, Vocabulaire. Cette premire dition annule et remplace lISO 2382-15:1985, dont elle constitue une rvision techni
24、que. LISO/CEI 2382 comprendra environ 37 parties, prsentes sous le titre gnral Technologies de linformation Vocabulaire. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16
25、MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) ISO/IEC vi Introduction Information technology gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both an intellectual and a material nature. These exchanges often become difficult, either because of t
26、he great variety of terms used in various fields or languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence or imprecision of the definitions of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings and to facilitate such exchanges it is essential to clarify the concepts, to select terms to be used i
27、n various languages or in various countries to express the same concept, and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. ISO 2382 was initially based mainly on the usage to be found in the Vocabulary of Information Processing which was es
28、tablished and published by the International Federation for Information Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the American National Dictionary for Information Processing Systems and its earlier editions published by the American National Standards Institute (formerly known as t
29、he American Standards Association). Published and Draft International Standards relating to information technology of other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union and the International Electrotechnical Commission) as well as published and draft national standa
30、rds have also been considered. The purpose of ISO/IEC 2382 is to provide definitions that are rigorous, uncomplicated and which can be understood by all concerned. The scope of each concept defined has been chosen to provide a definition that is suitable for general application. In those circumstanc
31、es, where a restricted application is concerned, the definition may need to be more specific. However, while it is possible to maintain the self-consistency of individual parts, the reader is warned that the dynamics of language and the problems associated with the standardization and maintenance of
32、 vocabularies may introduce duplications and inconsistencies among parts. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted with
33、out license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) vii Introduction Les technologies de linformation sont lorigine de multiples changes intellectuels et matriels sur le plan international. Ceux-ci souffrent souvent de difficults provoques par la diversit des termes utiliss pour exprimer la
34、 mme notion dans des langues ou des domaines diffrents ou encore de labsence ou de limprcision des dfinitions pour les notions les plus utiles. Pour viter des malentendus et faciliter de tels changes, il parat essentiel de prciser les notions, de choisir les termes employer dans les diffrentes langu
35、es et dans les divers pays pour exprimer la mme notion, et dtablir pour ces termes des dfinitions quivalentes dans chaque langue. LISO 2382 a t base lorigine principalement sur lusage tel quil a t relev, dune part, dans le Vocabulary of Information Processing tabli et publi par lInternational Federa
36、tion for Information Processing et le Centre international de calcul et, dautre part, dans lAmerican National Dictionary for Information Processing Systems y compris ses ditions prcdentes publies par lAmerican National Standards Institute (connu auparavant sous lappellation dAmerican Standards Assoc
37、iation). Les Normes internationales publies ou au stade de projets concernant les technologies de linformation manant dautres organisations internationales (telles que lUnion internationale des tlcommunications et la Commission lectrotechnique internationale) ainsi que les normes nationales publies
38、ou au stade de projets, ont galement t prises en compte. Le but de lISO/CEI 2382 est de procurer des dfinitions rigoureuses, simples et comprhensibles pour tous les intresss. La porte de chaque notion a t choisie de faon que sa dfinition puisse avoir la valeur la plus gnrale. Cependant, il est parfo
39、is ncessaire de restreindre une notion un domaine plus troit et de lui donner alors une dfinition plus spcifique. Dautre part, si lon peut assurer la cohrence interne de chaque partie prise individuellement, la cohrence des diverses parties entre elles est plus difficile atteindre. Le lecteur ne doi
40、t pas sen tonner: la dynamique des langues et les problmes de ltablissement et de la rvision des normes de vocabulaire peuvent tre lorigine de quelques rptitions ou contradictions entre des parties qui ne sont pas toutes prpares et publies simultanment. Copyright International Organization for Stand
41、ardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with I
42、SO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 00:34:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/IECISO/IEC 2382-15:1999(E/F) 1 Information technology Vocabulary Technologies de linformatio
43、n Vocabulaire Part 15: Programming languages Partie 15: Langages de programmation Section 1: GeneralSection 1: Gnralits 1.1Scope1.1Domaine dapplication This part of ISO/IEC 2382 is intended to facilitate international communication in information technology. It presents, in two languages, terms and
44、definitions of selected concepts relevant to the field of information technology and identifies relationships among the entries. La prsente partie de lISO/CEI 2382 a pour objet de faciliter les changes internationaux dans le domaine des technologies de linformation. cet effet, elle prsente un ensemb
45、le bilingue de termes et de dfinitions ayant trait des notions choisies dans ce domaine, et dfinit les relations pouvant exister entre les diffrentes notions. In order to facilitate their translation into other languages, the definitions are drafted so as to avoid, as far as possible, any peculiarit
46、y attached to a language. Les dfinitions ont t tablies de manire viter les particularismes propres une langue donne, en vue de faciliter leur transposition dans les langues autres que celles ayant servi la rdaction initiale. This part of ISO/IEC 2382 defines concepts related to programming languages
47、. La prsente partie de lISO/CEI 2382 dfinit les diffrentes notions relatives aux langages de programmation. 1.2Normative references1.2Rfrences normatives The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 2382. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 2382 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
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