ISO-5187-1985.pdf
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1、International Standard 5187 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEX.UYHAPOAHAR OPrAHM3AlJMR no CTAHAAPTM3ACIMWRGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Welding and allied processes - Assemblies made with soft solders and brazing filler metals - Mechanical test methods Soudage et techniq
2、ues connexes - Assemblages excuts avec des produits dapport de brasage tendre et de brasage fort - Mthodes dessai mcanique First edition - 1985-05-01 UDC 621.791.052 : 620.172 Ref, No. IS0 5187-1985 (E) Descriptors : welding, brazing- and soldering, brazed- and soldered joints, tests, mechanical tes
3、ts, shear tests, tension tests, test equipment. Price based on 11 pages Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 tech
4、nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with EO, also take part in the work. Draft International Sta
5、ndards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard
6、IS0 5187 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes. It cancels and replaces IS0 3683-1978 the scope of which was more limited. 0 International Organization for Standardization, 1985 O Printed in Switzerland -,-,- Welding and allied processes - Assemblies made with s
7、oft solders and brazing filler metals - Mechanical test methods O Introduction A joint is not a homogeneous body but a heterogenous assem- bly formed from different materials having different physical and chemical properties. In the simplest case, it consists of filler metal and the base metal. Diff
8、usion phenomena occur at the contact surfaces giving rise to, in the interface, a series of new alloys different from one another and different from both the joining material and the base metal. In the study of the strength of such heterogeneous joints, the simplified hypotheses of the theory of ela
9、sticity - valid for a homogeneous metallic body or stresses due to external forces transmitted uniformly from an element of surface or volume to neighbouring elements - are no longer applicable. Hence, the notion of “joining material strength“ needs to be limited strictly to metal solidified after m
10、elting. Conversely, the. strength of an assembly is a function of the intrinsic strength of the filler metal and a series of external factors. It follows that tests designed to determine this strength need to be carried out .according to precise conventions, taking into account, in addi- tion to the
11、 characteristics of the joining material itself, a series of external factors, notably: - - shape of the specimen; - - flux used; - ing temperature, heating rate, etc.) ; - time at joining temperature; - joint clearance; - number of tests; - - composition and strength of base metal; geometry and sta
12、te of the surface of the joint; brazing or soldering technique used (heat source, join- method used to interpret the results; nature and size of faults at the fracture surface. To understand the strength of a joined assembly, this Inter- national Standard allows the determination of the following ch
13、aracteristics: a) for brazing filler metal - temperature or hot, - temperature or hot, the instantaneous tensile strength, cold, at ambient the instantaneous shear strength, cold, at ambient - the creep strength at elevated temperatures; b) for soft solder - temperature or hot, - hot; the instantane
14、ous shear strength, cold, at ambient the creep strength, cold, at ambient temperature or for a given brazing filler metal, flux and base metal. So that the tests are reproducible and comparable, it is impor- tant to use tensile and shear specimens of a well-defined type and have recourse to a precis
15、e operating method. This Inter- national Standard meets this objective. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard defines the principles and the technique of the tests designed to determine the conventional mechanical characteristics of assemblies produced with soft solders and br
16、azing filler metals: it also specifies a- method of interpreting the results obtained. This International Standard is applicable to joining materials and their fluxes which are used for soldering and brazing of fer- rous and non-ferrous metals and alloys. 2 Test methods 2.1 Types of assemblies 2.1.1
17、 Conventional shear strength For the determination of the conventional shear strength, an assembly of two fitted pieces is used with predetermined joint clearance so that the brazed joint is subject to a shear stress when a tensile force is applied to the specimen. Two specimens are proposed (see fi
18、gures 1 and 2 1 , the operator having a choice between the two. The type of specimen chosen shall be noted in the test report. 2.1.2 Conventional tensile strength For the determination of the conventional tensile strength, an assembly made end-to-end on two bars with a predetermined joint clearance
19、at the extremities is used. Figure 3 gives the dimensions of the tensile specimen. 1 -,-,- IS0 5187-1985 (E) 2.2 Choice of base metal and joint clearance In order to obtain fracture at the joint, the base metal shall be chosen, as far as possible, so that the fracture load of the brazed assembly is
20、lower than the load corresponding to the elastic limit of the base metal. In practice, if data is required for a specific application, the parent metal for the specimens shall be the metal used for the components in the case being considered. Similarly, the joint clearance in the specimens shall be
21、that used in the application. The base metal and the joint clearance shall be indicated in the test report. 2.3 Preparation of the surfaces Before the brazing operation, the surfaces to be brazed need to be clean and clear of oxides, grease, oil, paint, etc. A process and a cleaning agent suited to
22、the requirements of the base metal shall be used. Similarly, the specimens shall possess, at the joints, a surface condition corresponding to a roughness, Ra, between 1,6 and 3,2 pm if they are copper or copper alloys and a roughness between 1,6 and 6,3 I.im if they are in non-alloyed steel. If the
23、tests are designed for a particular case, the surface con- dition shall be that corresponding to the case under consider- ation. The cleaning product and process as well as the surface con- dition at the joints shall be indicated in the test report. 2.4 Application of joining materiel and flux The c
24、omponent parts of the specimen are assembled in a ver- tical position, and the joining material, in an appropriate form (wire, powder, etc.), is placed at one side of the joint, in suf- ficient quantity to fill the joint after melting. If it is necessary to use a flux, a tested flux suitable for the
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