ISO-TR-16352-2005.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO/TR 16352:2005(E) ISO 2005 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16352 First edition 2005-12-01 Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of in-vehicle presentation for transport information and control systems Warning systems Vhicules routiers Aspects ergonomiques de la prsentation des systmes de comm
2、ande et dinformation des transports lintrieur des vhicules Systmes avertisseurs -,-,- ISO/TR 16352:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which ar
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5、a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and m
6、icrofilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii IS
7、O 2005 All rights reserved -,-,- ISO/TR 16352:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Warning signals 2 2.1 Criteria of warning effects . 2 2.2 Categorization of warning signal failure 4 2.3 Urgency mapping 6 2.4 Alarm theories. 8 2.5 Design
8、recommendations 10 3 Psychological and physiological aspects 10 3.1 Human processing of warnings 10 3.2 Workload 12 3.3 Expectancy 13 3.4 Further human factors, individual differences 13 3.5 Recommendations 14 4 Sensorial modality 15 5 Visual warning signals. 17 5.1 Psychological/physiological bases
9、 18 5.2 Types of visual displays 19 5.3 Design parameters 20 5.3.1 Sensorial-related parameters 20 5.3.2 Coding parameters. 24 5.3.3 Organizational parameters 37 6 Auditory warnings 39 6.1 Psychological/physiological bases 40 6.2 Advantages of auditory presentation. 41 6.3 Tonal signals, auditory ic
10、ons 42 6.3.1 Advantages of tonal signals 42 6.3.2 Standards 42 6.3.3 Attributes. 42 6.3.4 Sensorial parameters . 44 6.3.5 Coding parameters. 47 6.3.6 Organizational parameters 54 6.4 Speech output. 55 6.4.1 Advantages of speech output . 56 6.4.2 Sensorial-related parameters 56 6.4.3 Coding parameter
11、s. 60 6.4.4 Organizational parameters 63 6.4.5 Warning applications of speech output . 65 6.5 Comparison of tonal signals and speech output 66 7 Tactile warnings 68 7.1 Advantages of tactile presentation. 68 7.2 Design parameters 70 7.2.1 Sensorial-related parameters 70 7.2.2 Coding parameters. 71 8
12、 Redundancy of message presentation. 71 8.1 Visual/auditory combination 72 8.2 Visual/auditory qualities for in-vehicle displays . 73 -,-,- ISO/TR 16352:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved 8.3 Visual/auditory indications for displays.74 8.4 Visual/auditory/tactile combination 74 8.5 Master alert
13、ing.75 8.6 Other concepts75 9 Comparison of warning types, codes and modalities.77 9.1 Visual/auditory presentation of non-verbally-coded objects.77 9.2 Visual/auditory presentation of verbally-coded objects/abstract information.78 9.3 Visual/auditory presentation of verbally-/non-verbally-coded spa
14、tial information79 9.4 Visual presentation of non-verbally-coded information/auditory presentation of verbally- coded information.81 9.5 Visual/tactile presentation of non-verbally-coded objects/spatial information82 9.6 Auditory/tactile presentation of non-verbally-coded objects/spatial information
15、 .85 9.7 Visual/auditory/tactile presentation of verbally-coded objects/abstract information86 9.8 Recommendations for warning systems86 10 Warnings in assistance systems.88 10.1 Distance warning systems.91 10.2 Collision warning systems.92 10.3 Side-obstacle warning systems.98 10.4 Lane-departure w
16、arning systems100 10.5 Manoeuvring aids for low speed operation102 10.6 Usability of intelligent-transport-systems information for drivers104 10.7 Other assistance systems104 11 Warnings in other applications105 11.1 Aircraft105 11.2 Intensive care unit.106 11.3 Industrial plants 106 12 Discussion.1
17、08 13 Summary110 13.1 Introduction .110 13.2 Warning signals 110 13.3 Psychological and physiological aspects, sensorial modality111 13.4 Visual warning signals .111 13.5 Auditory warnings.113 13.6 Tactile warnings115 13.7 Redundancy of message presentation.116 13.8 Comparison of warning types, code
18、s and modalities.116 13.9 Warnings in assistance systems.117 13.10 Warning in other applications118 Bibliography .119 -,-,- ISO/TR 16352:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS
19、O member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gove
20、rnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
21、Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
22、 bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publis
23、h a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
24、 ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 16352 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Ergonomics applicable to road vehicles. -,-,- ISO/TR 16352:2005(E) vi ISO 2005 All rights reserved Introduction From a task
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