ISO-TR-11328-1994.pdf
《ISO-TR-11328-1994.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ISO-TR-11328-1994.pdf(13页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、TECHNICAL REPORT IS0 TR 11328 First edition 1994-04-I 5 Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Equipment for the measurement of discharge under ice conditions Mesure de dhbit des liquides dans les canaux d - type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other
2、reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; - type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports o
3、f types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into Inter- national Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISO/TR 113
4、28, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometric determinations, Subcom- mittee SC 5, Flow measuring instruments and equipment. . . . III Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NAS
5、A Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 22:16:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL REPORT 0 IS0 ISO/TR 11328:1994(E) Measurement of liquid -flow in open channels - Equipment for the measurement of discharge under ice conditions
6、1 Scope This Technical Report deals with equipment used to measure water discharge in rivers and channels under ice conditions. It does not specify techniques for measurement and computation which are dealt with in various International Standards. IS0 9196 specifically deals with the methods for the
7、 measurement of flow under ice and this Technical Report is intended to be used with IS0 9196. The most common technique for determining flow under ice conditions uses a modified form of the velocity-area method. This Technical Report concentrates on the specialized equipment required for gaining ac
8、cess through the ice sheet and obtaining area, velocity, and other information for determining the rate of flow under ice. 2 References IS0 748:1979, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Velocity area methods. IS0 772:1988, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Vocabulary and symbols. IS0
9、 1100/1:1981, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Part 1: Establishment and operation of a gauging station. IS0 1100/2:1982, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Part 2: Determination of the stage-discharge relation. IS0 2537:1988, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Cup-type and
10、 propeller-type current meters. IS0 3454:1983, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment. IS0 3455:1976, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Calibration of rotating-element current-meters in straight open tanks. Copyright International Organizat
11、ion for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 22:16:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/TR 11 328:1994(E) Q IS0 IS0 9196:1992, Liquid flow measurement in open chann
12、els - Liquid flow measurements under ice conditions. IS0 9555-l: -11, Measurement of liquid.flow in open channels -Tracer dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 1: General. IS0 9555-2:1992, Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Tracer dilution methods for the measurement
13、of steady flow - Part 2: Radioactive tracers. IS0 9555-3:1992, Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Tracer dilution methods for the measurement of steady flow - Part 3: Chemical tracers. IS0 9555-4:1992, Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Tracer dilution methods for the measureme
14、nt of steady flow - Part 4: Fluorescent tracers. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the definitions given in IS0 772 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 anchor ice: An accumulation of spongy or slush ice adhering to the bottom of a stream. 3.2 frazil ice: Fine spicules or
15、plates of ice suspended. in water that are formed. by supercooling of turbulent water. 3.3 slush ice: A mass of loosely packed anchor ice that has released from the bottom, or frazil ice that floats or accumulates under an ice cover. 3.4 surface ice: An ice sheet formed on the surface of a lake or r
16、iver -also known as ice cover or ice sheet. 4 Equipment 4.1 Equipment for the velocity-area method 4.1.1 Ice cutting equipment Winter field conditions require specialized equipment to cut holes through the ice to gain access for depth and velocity observations. I) To be published. 2 Copyright Intern
17、ational Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/22/2007 22:16:36 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- (0 IS0 ISO/TR 11328: 1994(E) 4.1.1.1 Ice Chisels A variety of i
18、ce chisels have been developed for manually cutting holes through the ice for making current-meter measurements, removing ice from around gage plates, removing small amounts of shore ice during the early stages of freezeup or from weirs and flumes. They are also used to test the safety of ice. Chise
19、ls are made in lengths of approximately 1,2 to 1,6 meters, with blade widths of 70 to 100 mm. A chisel weighing 5 to 6 kg is recommended. Chisels can be either all metal or have a metal cutting blade with a wooden handle. The blade should be approximately 75 mm wide and be formed with a flat single
20、tapered edge. A lDV-.shaped handle is recommended as it keeps the device from slipping through the operators hands. The chisel cutting edge should be kept sharp at all times. 4.1.1.2 Manual ice drills A variety of hand-powered ice drills are available for drilling holes through the ice to measure de
21、pths and obtain velocity readings. Sizes from about 125 to 200 mm are recommended. Hand- powered ice drills tend to become dull very quickly when used in ice with high sediment content. 4.1.1.3 Power ice drills A variety of gasoline-powered ice drills are commercially available that are suitable for
22、 drilling holes through ice cover for measurement of streamflow. Most use 2-cycle air-cooled engines of 1 800 to 3 000 watts. A gearbox and centrifugal clutch should be attached to the engine so that the cutter will turn only when the engine is accelerated. It is recommended that the engine, gear tr
23、ain, clutch, gas tank, handles, and controls be packaged as a unit, referred to as the “powerpack“ or “powerhead,ll so that the powerhead can be easily removed from the auger or drill. The drill should usually be a flighted rod or tube with a cutter of various configurations on the cutting end of th
24、e assembly. A drill length of 0,75 m is recommended. Diameters of these assemblies are usually 150 to 200 mm, but may be as large as 300 mm. Replaceable cutting teeth are recommended as teeth can be easily damaged during most field use. 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Prov
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ISO TR 11328 1994
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3781227.html