SAE-AIR-5120-2006.pdf
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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2006 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org AIR5120 AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT Issued 2006-11 Engine Monitoring System Reliability and Validity RATIONALE This guide was developed to assist program managers, designers, developers, and customers with the devel
5、opment and verification of a highly reliable engine monitoring system. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE3 1.1 Purpose.3 1.2 Introduction .3 2. REFERENCES3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 2.1.1 SAE Publications.4 2.2 Definition of Terms4 3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .5 3.1 Overview .5 3.2 General Validity and Relia
6、bility Requirements6 4. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.6 4.1 System Specification.6 4.2 Hardware.7 4.2.1 Electronics.8 4.2.2 Sensors.9 4.2.3 Cabling/Connectors 9 4.3 Software10 4.3.1 Design.10 4.3.2 Data Validation11 4.3.3 EMS Algorithms 11 4.4 EMS BIT12 4.5 Human Element Factors .13 4.5.1 Introd
7、uction .13 4.5.2 Non Physical Factors13 4.5.3 Physical Factors15 4.5.4 Training Impacts16 4.6 Operational Design Considerations for Introduction and Support of the EMS.17 4.6.1 Documentation18 4.6.2 Data Flow20 4.7 Development and Technology Insertion.21 5. VERIFICATION ACTIVITIES 22 5.1 Strategy an
8、d Approach .22 5.2 Simulation Tests23 5.3 Manufacturers Systems Rig/Bench Testing.23 5.4 Airframe Systems Integration Laboratory Environment/Iron Bird (Static Aircraft) Facility24 5.5 Engine Test (Sea Level Static however, systems providing immediate access to the data are typically the most costly
9、and may not be implemented. Care must be taken to ensure that the data flow from the aircraft to the ground-based system, as defined during design phase, is validated and adjusted during entry into service. One method of improving efficiency is to compress all data from a flight into a single end-of
10、-leg report that is transmitted at the completion of the flight. This method however increases the time between the data recording and its availability. This must be considered when deciding which methods to use. Finally, the continuous recording or rolling history data is typically used only in the
11、 situation that a fault occurs. This type of data provides additional information for troubleshooting the event. However, for the data to be useful, an appropriate quantity of data surrounding any possible event must be recorded. In addition, infrastructure must be in place to quickly access and ana
12、lyze this information. 4.6.2.3 Within Ground-Based System Once the data reaches the ground-based system, procedures must be available to guide the data analysis and the recommended actions. These procedures must clearly document the operation of any ground-based software and guide the operator in in
13、terpreting the results to accomplish any necessary action. The entire data stream should be tested with sample data or seeded faults to ensure that the proper analyses can be performed and appropriate actions initiated. Both accuracy and timeliness of responses should be evaluated. 4.7 Development a
14、nd Technology Insertion In certain applications the specified requirements of the EMS functionality or system implementation are outside the capabilities of mature computational techniques and systems but are yet known to exist. Implementation of the enhanced techniques or technologies is therefore
15、known to be required at some point in the EMS life cycle. This may be in the form of new hardware such as sensors or electronic units or software. In some cases advanced software techniques that improve data interpretation and correlation may achieve the specified requirements. When developing an EM
16、S, consideration of both the initial and long term reliability and the associated development path is important. Proactive management of that growth activity must also be included during the development process to maximize systems validity and reliability. All of the reliability and validity conside
17、rations for hardware and software development mentioned previously apply during the development and insertion of maturing technology. Two potential benefits that may exist during this phase that may not have existed during the original development phase are the existence of actual operational data a
18、nd an operational platform on which final verification testing can be executed. Such actual data can facilitate a more reliable system. The process will typically include: Review of the available signal data, analysis and correlation procedures Identification of new analysis, processing and correlat
19、ion and integration techniques Testing of the new techniques on existing data, covering healthy and faulty engine conditions Initial assessment of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities Initial assessment of False Alarm Rates and probability of detection -,-,- SAE AIR5120 - 22 - Review of implementa
20、tion options and requirements (e.g., whether the techniques should be incorporated into the airborne or ground based part of the system) Development testing Verification testing (e.g., bench testing of the engine or via an implementation plan which phases the introduction of the improvement) 5. VERI
21、FICATION ACTIVITIES 5.1 Strategy and Approach Verification of EMS performance should be viewed as a process and not just a formal test sequence at the end of the engine development cycle. Realistic testing at the appropriate level is necessary throughout the design and development process. The earli
22、er in the design cycle that problems can be uncovered and addressed the more cost effective the process will become and the more likely a successful production introduction will result. The strategy of tiered verification through simulation test, rig/bench test, factory and flight test, etc. enables
23、 an EMS reliability growth process. Further reliability growth is likely after the system has been fielded and the engine and EMS continue to mature (refer to Section 6). Formal verification of specific EMS functions can be addressed at each of these test tiers, to a greater or lesser extent, depend
24、ing upon the specific functions. For example, the EMS diagnostic algorithms that utilize engine and control system sensor data can be well exercised with a simulation test approach. Engine and control system modeling is a fundamental part of the design/development process and therefore use can be ma
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