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1、 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Mechanical and Chemical Requirements for Nonthreaded Fasteners Carbon Steel Solid RivetsInch Series SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this rep
2、ort is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled
3、. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without t
4、he prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 1960-03 Revised 2007-07 Superseding J430 MAY1998 J430 REV. JUL2007 Forewo
5、rd This document has been revised to update standard and to include grade and manufacturer head markings, and a section on surface discontinuities. 1. Scope These specifications cover the mechanical and chemical requirements, and surface discontinuities limits for carbon steel solid rivets used in a
6、utomotive and other related industries. 1.1 Product Classification This specification covers the following Grades as described below: Grade Diameter, inches Hardness Tensile Strength, psi 0 7/16 and smaller 65 HRB max 40 000 55 000 1 7/16 and smaller 85 HRB max 52 000 62 000 2 1/2 and larger No Requ
7、irement 55 000 70 000 3 1/2 and larger 76 - 85 HRB 68 000 82 000 1.2 Rationale General revision to update standard and to include grade and manufacturer head markings and a section on surface discontinuities. SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 2 - 2. References 2.1 Applicable Publication The following publi
8、cation forms a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATION Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4
9、970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J417Hardness Test and Hardness Number Conversions 2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATION Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM F 1470Standard Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mech
10、anical Properties and Performance Inspection 2.1.3 ISO PUBLICATION Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3269FastenersAcceptance Inspection 3. Grouping Rivets in Grades 0 and 1 fall in two groups; namely, those of small diameter7/16 i
11、n nominal diameter and less, usually driven cold, and those over 7/16 in nominal diameter usually driven hot. It is recommended that the rivets in Grades 0 and 1 for cold driving in sizes over 7/16 in nominal diameter be ordered annealed. 4. General Data Rivets for cold driving are specified so as t
12、o provide the necessary ductility for the application. The properties of rivets intended for hot driving are not necessarily those found in the driven rivet. Therefore, the specifications for hot driven product are designed to furnish satisfactory properties after cooling from the driving heat. 5. C
13、hemical Requirements Steel shall be produced by any suitable process to conform to the chemistry specified in Table 1. SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 3 - TABLE 1MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS OF RAW MATERIAL Grade Tensile Properties of Hot Rolled Rod or Bar from Which Rivets are Produced Chemical
14、Composition Ladle Analysis % Max 0 Tensile strength, psi: 40 000 55 000 Yield point, min, psi: 23 000 Elongation in 8 in, Min, %: 27 P0.040 S0.050 1 Tensile strength, psi: 52 000 62 000 Yield point, Min, psi: 28 000 Elongation in 8 in, Min, %: 24 P0.040 S0.050 2 Tensile strength, psi: 55 000 70 000
15、Yield point, Min, psi: 29 000 Elongation in 8 in, Min, %: 22 C0.28 Mn0.300.90 P0.040 S0.050 Si0.25 3 Tensile strength, psi: 68 000 82 000 Yield point, Min, psi: 38 000 Elongation in 8 in, Min, %: 20 C0.30 Mn1.65 P0.040 S0.050 Si0.25 6. Mechanical Requirements 6.1 Heat Treatment Rivets of Grade 0 and
16、 1 are supplied in the annealed condition for 7/16 in nominal diameter and under. Rivets of Grades 2 and 3 are intended for hot driving only. The tensile requirements of Grade 3 are met by heating to 1450 F, holding at this temperature for not less than 30 min and cooling slowly in a furnace. 6.2 Ha
17、rdness When hardness is specified, the test shall be conducted on the top of the rivet head after suitable surface preparation. Hardness requirement for Grade 0 is HRB 65 max and for Grade 1 is HRB 85 max. There are no specified hardness requirements for Grade 2. Hardness requirement for Grade 3 is
18、HRB 76-85. 7. Surface discontinuities The following specifies allowable limits for the various types of surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of solid rivets. Through out the following requirements D designates the nominal diameter. Surface discontinuities for
19、rivets are divided into five “types”, as defined as follows: SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 4 - 7.1 Crack A clean (crystalline) fracture passing through or across the grain boundaries and may possibly follow inclusions of foreign elements. Cracks are normally caused by overstressing the metal during for
20、ging or other forming operations, or during heat treatment. Where parts are subjected to significant reheating, cracks usually are discolored by scale. 7.2 Forging Cracks May occur during the cut-off or forging operations and are restricted to the center of the top surface of the heads of rivets. Ty
21、pical forging cracks are shown in Figure 1. Forging cracks on the top of heads shall not exceed a length of 1 D or a width or depth of 0.040 D or 0.010 in whichever is greater. NOTEForging cracks are permissible discontinuities if within the limits specified in 7.2. FIGURE 1TYPICAL FORGING CRACKS 7.
22、3 Seam Seams are generally inherent in the raw material from which fasteners are manufactured. They are narrow, usually straight or smooth-curved line discontinuities running parallel to the rivet shank axis. Seams in raw material used for forged or formed rivets may lead to the formation of bursts.
23、 Seams may extend onto the tops of the heads of circular headed products as well as being present at the periphery of the head. Seams may also extend into the chamfer circle and bearing face. Typical seams are shown in Figure 2. Seams in the shanks shall not exceed a depth of 0.030 D or 0.008 in, wh
24、ichever is greater. Seams extending into the heads which do not open beyond the limits specified for bursts are acceptable. SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 5 - NOTESeams are permissible discontinuities if within the limits specified in 7.3. FIGURE 2TYPICAL SEAMS 7.4 Burst An open break in the metal. Burs
25、ts occur during the forging operation and are located at the periphery of circular heads. A typical burst is shown in Figure 3. Peripheries of circular head products may have two or more bursts or shear bursts, providing that only one has a width greater than 0.040 D; in addition this one burst shal
26、l not have a width greater than 0.080 D. NOTEBursts and shear bursts are permissible discontinuities if within the limits specified in 7.4 and 7.5. FIGURE 3TYPICAL BURSTS AND SHEAR BURSTS 7.5 Shear Burst An open break in the metal, occurring most frequently at the head periphery of products having c
27、ircular heads and located at approximately a 45 angle to the product axis. Typical shear burst is shown in Figure 3. Peripheries of circular head products may have two or more shear bursts or bursts, providing that only one has a width greater than 0.040 D; in addition this one burst shall not have
28、a width greater than 0.080 D. -,-,- SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 6 - 7.6 Fold A doubling over of metal that may occur during the forging operation. Folds in rivets may occur at or near the intersection of diameter changes and are especially prevalent with noncircular necks, shoulders, and heads. Typic
29、al folds are shown in Figure 4. Folds located in internal corners at or below the bearing surface, for example, in the fillet at the junction of the head and shank, are not permitted. Folds at the intersection of the head circular periphery and bearing surface shall not project below the bearing sur
30、face. All other folds on rivets are permitted. Folds located at exterior corners are permitted. NOTEFolds are permissible discontinuities if within the limits specified in 7.6. FIGURE 4TYPICAL FOLDS 8. Finish Unless otherwise specified, rivets and pins shall be supplied with a natural (as annealed p
31、rocessed) finish, unplated or coated. Annealed rivets for cold driving should be free of loose scale. 9. Test Requirements 9.1 Number of Tests on Rivets 9.1.1 Random samples shall be selected for hardness test from each lot of rivets. Sample size for hardness shall conform to ASTM F 1470 Level B whe
32、n lot control is applied or to ISO 3269 when Shipping lots are applied. 9.1.2 All samples must meet the hardness requirements of the specification for acceptance, but retests are permitted as stated in 9.1.3 Retests. 9.1.3 RETESTS If any sample from the same lot fails to meet the specified requireme
33、nt, double the number of samples shall be tested, in which case for acceptance all of the additional samples shall meet the specification. SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 7 - 10. Product Marking Unless specified in the inquiry or order, the heads of rivets produced to this standard are not required to be
34、 identified as being inch series. 10.1 Manufacturers Identification All products shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identifier to identify the manufacturer or private label distributor, as appropriate. 10.2 Grade Identification 10.2.1 All Grade 0 products shall be marked “0”. 10.2.2 A
35、ll Grade 1 products shall be marked “1”. 10.2.2 All Grade 2 products shall be marked “2”. 10.2.2 All Grade 3 products shall be marked “3”. 10.3 Marking Location and Methods 10.3.1 Rivets shall be marked on the rivet head. 10.3.2 All markings may be raised or depressed at the manufacturers option. 10
36、.3.4 Grade and manufacturers or private label distributors identification shall be separate and distinct. The two identifications shall preferably be in different locations and when on the same level shall be separated by at least two spaces. 11. Certification When specified on the purchase order, t
37、he manufacturer or supplier, whichever is the responsible party shall furnish the purchaser certification. Grades 0 and 1 shall include the heat analysis of the raw material and the product hardness. Grades 2 and 3 shall include the heat analysis and mechanical properties of the raw material. 12. Pe
38、ening/Staking The rivet manufacturer shall not be responsible for the condition of the upset end of the rivet which has been deformed/upset/staked by the purchaser or assembler; providing that the surface discontinuities and hardness of the as-received parts meet this specification. 13. Notes 13.1 K
39、ey Words Rivet, anneal, surface discontinuities -,-,- SAE J430 Revised JUL2007 - 8 - 13.2 Marginal Indicia The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report. PREPARED BY THE SAE FASTENER TECHNICAL COMMITTEE -,-,-
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