SAE-J985-1985-R2009.pdf
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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、 be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fa
4、x: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT J985 REAF. FEB2009 Issued1967-04 Reaffirmed2009-02 Superseding J985 DEC2002 Vision Factors Considerations in Rearview Mirror Design 1.ScopeThe design and location of rear-viewing mirror
5、s or systems, and the presentation of the rear view to the driver can best be achieved if the designer and the engineer have adequate references available on the physiological functions of head and eye movements and on the perceptual capabilities of the human visual system. The following information
6、 and charts are provided for this purpose. For more complete information of the relationship of vision to forward vision, see SAE SP-279. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable
7、 from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE Paper 650464Automobile Driver Eye Position, Meldrum, James F., SAE Transactions, Vol. 74, (1966) SAE SP-279Visual Considerations: Man, the Vehicle, and the Highway, Schmidt, I., and Connolly, Paul L., SAE, March, 1966 2.2Related Publi
8、cationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. Bioastronautics Data Book, Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Washington, DC, NASA SP-3006), 1964 Design Aspects for R
9、ear Vision in Motor Vehicles, SP-253, SAE, March 1964 The Measure of Man, Dreyfuss, Henry, New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1959 Handbook of Human Engineering Data, Tufts College Institute for Applied Experimental Psychology, Special Devices Center, Office of Nava Research, Project Design, NR 78
10、-3001, 1951 Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design, Morgan, C.T., Cook, J.S., et al., New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1963 Human Engineering Guide for Equipment Designers, Woodson, W.E., Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960 -,-,- SAE J985 Reaffirmed FEB2009 -2- 3.Vision Considerations in
11、 Rearview Mirror Design 3.1IntroductionThe design and location of rearview mirrors to provide adequate driver rear vision can best be performed when a basic knowledge of the physiological and perceptual capabilities of the drivers visual system are understood. 3.2Drivers Field of ViewThe field of vi
12、ew for each eye of the driver extends in a horizontal plane 150 degrees (90 degrees outside and 60 degrees inside from the forward line of sight.) It is assumed that the forward line of sight is directly in line with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. It can be seen from (see Figure 1) that the f
13、ields of view (left eye plus right eye) overlap 120 degrees, thus defining a binocular field of view. The vertical boundary to the binocular field of view is approximately 50 to 55 degrees above and 60 to 70 degrees below the forward line of sight (see Figure 2). FIGURE 1HORIZONTAL EXTENT OF THE BIN
14、OCULAR VISUAL FIELD FIGURE 2BINOCULAR VISUAL FIELD WITH HEAD AND EYES FIXED -,-,- SAE J985 Reaffirmed FEB2009 -3- 3.3Visual Fields with Head and Eye MovementIn the design and engineering of rearview mirrors and mirror systems, every effort should be made to allow the driver to maintain visual attent
15、ion to the front of the vehicle. Distracting the drivers attention from viewing the road ahead should be kept to a minimum. Eye and head movement are two factors affected by the placement of rearview mirrors and must be considered (see Figures 3 and 4). Horizontal eye rotation is optimal at 15 degre
16、es to left and right of the forward line of sight; however, the eyes can turn 30 degrees in one rapid, smooth movement.1 Vertical eye rotation is optimal at 15 degrees up and down from the forward line of sight, while maximum eye rotation is 45 degrees upward and 65 degrees downward. Easy horizontal
17、 head movement is considered 45 degrees to the left and right of the forward line of sight, while maximum is 50 degrees up and down. FIGURE 3HORIZONTAL EXTENT OF HEAD AND EYE MOVEMENT FIGURE 4VERTICAL EXTENT OF HEAD AND EYE MOVEMENT 1. The human eye does not rotate around a single point. Thus, upon
18、temporal (outward) gaze, the eye moves rearward approximately 0.5 mm and in nasal (inward) gaze, the eye moves forward approximately 0.6 mm. -,-,- SAE J985 Reaffirmed FEB2009 -4- To reduce driver fatigue and improve visual efficiency, the entire rear vision mirror is best located within the drivers
19、binocular field of view while looking straight ahead. This area extends horizontally 60 degrees to the left and right of the forward line of sight (45 degrees easy head movement plus 15 degrees optimal eye rotation). Vertically, this area extends 45 degrees up and down from the forward line of sight
20、 (30 degrees easy head movement plus 15 degrees optimal eye rotation). If necessary, the horizontal limit of head and eye movement may be extended to 75 degrees left and right of the forward line of sight to view a mirror (45 degrees easy head movement and 30 degrees eye rotation). A driver can comb
21、ine head and eye movement that exceeds the previous limits, but should not be required to do so repeatedly or for long periods of time. 3.4Perceptual Characteristics of the EyesThe ability of the eye to perceive detail, form, color, and motion is highest in the area immediately surrounding the forwa
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