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1、 NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED The Standards herein are recommended by The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. to assist users, engineers, and designers who specify, design, and install tubular exchangers. These standards are based upon sound engineering principles, research, and fi
2、eld experience in the manufacture, design, installation, and use of tubular exchangers. These standards may be subject to revision as further investigation or experience may show is necessary or desirable. Nothing herein shall constitute a warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, and warranty res
3、ponsibility of any kind is expressly denied. Copyright O 2007 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association - All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Unauthorized copies subject to statutory penalties of $750
4、 to $30,000 plus additional penalties. Printed in the United States of America. MEMBERS OF THE TUBULAR EXCHANGER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. Comprising Manufacturers of Various Types of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Equipment . ALCO Products. 401 US Hwy 281 Wichita Falls, TX 76301 . API Heat Tra
5、nsfer, Inc. 2777 Walden Avenue Buffalo, NY 14225 . Cust-O-Fab, Inc 8888 West 21 st Street Sand Springs, OK 74063 Energy Exchanger Company 1844 N. Garnett Road Tulsa, OK 741 16 . Fabsco Shell and Tube, L.L.C P.O. Box 988 Sapulpa, OK 74066 . Graham Corporation 20 Florence Avenue Batavia, NY 14020 Heat
6、 Transfer Equipment Co . P.O. Box 580638 Tulsa. OK 74158 . Hughes-Anderson Heat Exchangers, Inc 0 0 1 N. Fulton Avenue Tulsa, OK 741 15 Krueger Engineering , FIXED TUBESHER LIKE W STATIONARY H U D BONNET (INTEGRAL COVER) SPLIT FLOW 2 P OUTSIDE PACKED FLOATING HUD DOUBLE SPLIT FLOW QU S CHANNEL INTKi
7、RAL WITH TUBE- SHEET AND REMOVABLE COVER J FLOATING HEAD WlTH BACKING DEVICE DIVIDED FLOW N PULL THROUGH FLOATING HEAD CHANNEL INTEGRAL WlTH TUBE- SHEET AND REMOVABLE COVER KEnLE TYPE REBOILER U U-TUBE BUNDLE c;r-7-1 D W SPECIAL HIGH PRESSURE CLOSURE CROSS FLOW EXTERNALLY SEALED FLOATING TUBESHE 1 T
8、ubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE SECTION 1 N-2 NOMENCLATURE OF HEAT EXCHANGER COMPONENTS I For the purpose of establishing standard terminology, Figure N-2 illustrates various types of heat exchangers. Typical parts and connections, for illustrative purpos
9、es only, are numbered for identification in Table N-2. I TABLE N-2 1. Stationary Head-Channel 21. Floating Head Cover-External 1 2. Stationary Head-Bonnet 22. Floating Tubesheet Skirt 3. Stationary Head Flange-Channel or Bonnet 23. Packing Box 4. Channel Cover 24. Packing I 5. Stationary Head Nozzle
10、 25. Packing Gland 6. Stationary Tubesheet 26. Lantern Ring 7. Tubes 27. Tierods and Spacers 8. Shell 28. Transverse Baffles or Support Plates 9. Shell Cover 29. Impingement Plate 10. Shell Flange-Stationary Head End 30. Longitudinal Baffle 11. Shell Flange-Rear Head End 31. Pass Patiion 12. Shell N
11、ode 32. Vent Connection 13. Shell Cover Flange 33. Drain Connection 14. Expansion Joint 34. Instrument Connection 15. Floating Tubesheet 35. Support Saddle 16. Floating Head Cover 36. Lifting Lug 17. Floating Head Cover Flange 37. Support Bracket 18. Floating Head Backing Device 38. Weir 19. Split S
12、hear Ring 39. Liquid Level Connection 20. Slip-on Backing Flange 40. Floating Head Support FIGURE N-2 1 -3 AES Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. SECTION 1 HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE FIGURE N-2 (continued) Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssocSatOon, Inc. HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE
13、SECTION 1 FIGURE N-2 (continued) AKT 1-5 AJW Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. SECTION 1 HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE This page intentionally blank Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. NOMINAL NOZZLE SIZE GMAX 2“-4“ INCLUSNE 1/16-(1.6) 6“- 12“ INCLUSIVE 3/32“(2.4) 14“-36“
14、 INCLUSIVE 3/16“(4.8) OVER 36“ 1 /4“(6.4) NO= This table applies to nozzles connecting to exled piping only. HEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES SECTION 2 F-1 EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS, NOZZLE AND SUPPORT LOCATIONS Standard tolerances for process flow nozzles and support locations and projections are sh
15、own in Figure F-1. Dimensions in ( ) are millimeters. FIGURE F-I CONNECTION NOZZLE ALIGNMENT AND SUPPORT ROTATIONAL TOLERANCE ON NOZZLE FACES TOLERANCES AT BOLT CIRCLE 2-1 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. SECTION 2 HEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES F-2 RECOMMENDED FABRICATION TO
16、LERANCES Fabrication tolerances normally required to maintain process flow nozzle and support locations are shown in Figure F-2. These tolerances may be adjusted as necessary to meet the tolerances shown in Figure F-1 . Dimensions in ( ) are millimeters. FIGURE F-2 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers As
17、sociation, Inc. HEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION TOLERANCES SECTION 2 F-3 TUBESHEETS, PARTITIONS, COVERS AND FLANGES The standard clearances and tolerances applying to tubesheets, partitions, covers and flanges are shown in Figure F-3. Dimensions in ( ) are millimeters. FIGURE F-3 I I S A N M R D CONFINED
18、 JOW CONSCRUCTlON STANMRD UNCONFINED PUIN FACE J O N C0NSTRUCTH)II I 1. SECW 2 6 NOT INTENMO T O PRWiW UNLWWED NBESHEET F m AND RAT WMR FlYXS MREFOIIE NO PLUS TOLERAWCE IS SHOWN ON R4. TOLERANCES 2. N E C A M TOLERANCES SHKL NOT BE 1 t1/4- -118 (t6.4 -3.2) CONSTRUED TO MEAN IHAT MUENSONS CAN BE LESS
19、 THAN MAT Dl. 02. 03. D1.4.06 f 1/32 (f 0.8) REWRED W MSICN C A L C U U - I f 1/16. (f 1.6) 3. FOR PERlPHElUL CAMlX %lNfiNEDg R1 = 3/16. (4.8) to -1/32 (to -0.6) YUNS -CONFINE0 O N T H E ODg. R2=l/4 (6.4) RJ=l/4 (6.4) +1/32 -0 (t0.8 -0) 4. mm rn - AND w NOT RI% 5/16. (4.8) -1132 (-0.8) (SEE NOTE I)
20、P R E Q U M OF O T H E R wt .w2.w3 f 1/32. (f 0.8) WHICH M E FUWlWLLY EQUIVALENT. 5. FOR USglS OVER 60- (1524) T O 100. (2HO) DwElER.TOLElWlSCES d “ A N D X Y A Y BE A . i E INCRUSE0 TO f1/16g(1(.6). TONGUE AND GROOM JOWST I 2-3 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. SECTION 2 HEAT EXCHAN
21、GER FABRICATION TOLERANCES FIGURE F-4 PERMISSIBLE IMPERFECTIONS IN FLANGE FACING FINISH FOR RAISED FACE AND LARGE MALE AND FEMALE FLANGES “* NPS Maximum Radial Projections of lmperfections Which Are No Deeper Than the Bottom of the Serrations, in.(mm) 118 (3.2) 118 (3.2) 118 (3.2) 118 (3.2) 118 (3.2
22、) Maximum Depth and Radial Projection of Imperfections Which Are Deeper Than the Bottom of the Serrations, in.(mm) 1/16 (I -6) 1/16 (1.6) 1/16 (1.6) 1/16 (1.6) 1/16 (1.6) FLANGE PERIPHERY 14 16 18 20 24 , , P E BORE Sketch showing Radial Projected Length (RPL) serrated gasket face damage NOTES: (1)
23、Imperfections must be separated by at least four times the permissible radial projection. (2) Protrusions above the serrations are not permitted 5/16 (7.9) 318 (9.5) 1 1 2 (12.7) 1 1 2 (12.7) 1 1 2 (12.7) Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. 3/16 (4.8) 3/16 (4.8) 114 (6.4) 114 (6.4) 114
24、 (6.4) GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SECTION 3 DEFINITIONS Baffle is a device to direct the shell side fluid across the tubes for optimum heat transfer. Baffle and S u o r t Plate Tube Hole Clearance is the diametral difference between the nominal tube OD and the nominal tube hole
25、diameter in the baffle or support plate. Conseauential Damaaes are indirect liabilities lying outside the heat exchanger manufacturers stated equipment warranty obligations. Double Tubesheet Construction is a type of construction in which two (2) spaced tubesheets or equivalent are employed in lieu
26、of the single tubesheet at one or both ends of the heat exchanger. Effective Shell and Tube Side Desian Pressures are the resultant load values expressed as uniform pressures used in the determination of tubesheet thickness for fixed tubesheet heat exchangers and are functions of the shell side desi
27、gn pressure, the tube side design pressure, the equivalent differential expansion pressure and the equivalent bolting pressure. Eauivalent Boltina Pressure is the pressure equivalent resulting from the effects of bolting loads imposed on tubesheets in a fixed tubesheet heat exchanger when the tubesh
28、eets are extended for bolting as flanged connections. I Eauivalent Differential Exansion Pressure is the pressure equivalent resulting from the effect of tubesheet loadings in a fixed tubesheet heat exchanger imposed by the restraint of differential thermal expansion between shell and tubes. I Exand
29、ed Tube Joint is the tube-to-tubesheet joint achieved by mechanical or explosive expansion of the 1 tube into the tube hole in the tubesheet. Exansion Joint “J“ Factor is the ratio of the spring rate of the expansion joint to the sum of the axial spring rate of the shell and the spring rate of the e
30、xpansion joint. I Flanae Load Concentration Factors are factors used to compensate for the uneven application of bolting moments due to large bolt spacing. 1 Minimum and Maximum Baffle and Suort Sacinas are design limitations for the spacing of baffles to provide for mechanical integrity and thermal
31、 and hydraulic effectiveness of the bundle. The possibility for induced vibration has not been considered in establishing these values. I Normal Oeratina Conditions of a shell and tube heat exchanger are the thermal and hydraulic performance requirements generally specified for sizing the heat excha
32、nger. Pulsatina Fluid Conditions are conditions of flow generally characterized by rapid fluctuations in pressure and flow rate resulting from sources outside of the heat exchanger. Seismic Loadinas are forces and moments resulting in induced stresses on any member of a heat exchanger due to pulse m
33、ode or complex waveform accelerations to the heat exchanger, such as those resulting from earthquakes. Shell and Tube Mean Metal Temperatures are the average metal temperatures through the shell and tube thicknesses integrated over the length of the heat exchanger for a given steady state operating
34、condition. I Shut-Down Conditions are the conditions of operation which exist from the time of steady state operating conditions to the time that flow of both process streams has ceased. Start-up Contiitions are the conditions of operation which exist from the time that flow of either or both proces
35、s streams is initiated to the time that steady state operating conditions are achieved. Suaort date is a device to support the bundle or to reduce unsupported tube span without consideration for heat transfer. Tubesheet Liaament is the shortest distance between edge of adjacent tube holes in the tub
36、e pattern. Welded Tube Joint is a tube-to-tubesheet joint where the tube is welded to the tubesheet. Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. SECTION 3 GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION 3-2 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. www.tema.org 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1
37、 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 FIGURE 6-5.2 HEAT EXCHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET Job No. Customer Reference No. Address Proposal No. Plant Location Date Rev. Service of Unit Item No. Size Type (Hor
38、Nert) Connected in Parallel Series SurfIUnit (GrossIEff.) sq ft; Shells/Unit SurfIShell (GrossIEff .) sq ft Tube Side 1 PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT Fluid Allocation Fluid Name Fluid Quantity Total Ibhr Vapor (Inlout) Liquid Steam Water Noncondensable Temperature O F Specific Gravity Viscosity, Uquid CP
39、Molecular Weight, Vapor Molecular Weight, Noncondensable Specific Heat BTU I Ib O F Thermal Conductivity BTUftlhrsqftF Latent Heat BTU I Ib O F Inlet Pressure psia Velocity ft / sec Pressure Drop, Allow. ICalc. psi Fouling Resistance (Min.) hrsqft OF/ BTU, Shell Side I I / Heat Exchanged BTU 1 hr MT
40、D (Corrected) O F Transfer Rate, Service Clean BTU/hrsqRF Sketch (Bundle/Nozzle Orientation) CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL Tube Side 1 / Design /Test Pressure psig Design Temp. MaxJMin O F No. Passes per Shell Shell Side 1 1 GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SECTION 3 FIGURE G-5.2M HEAT EX
41、CHANGER SPECIFICATION SHEET I 57 58 59 60 61 3-3 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, Inc. SECTION 3 GENERAL FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION G-1 SHOP OPERATION The detailed methods of shop operation are left to the discretion of the manufacturer in conformity with these Standards. 6-
42、2 INSPECTION 6-2.1 MANUFACTURERS INSPECTION lnspection and testing of units will be provided by the manufacturer unless otherwise specified. The manufacturer shall carry out the inspections required by the ASME Code, customer specifications, and also inspections required by state and local codes whe
43、n the purchaser specifies the plant location. 6-2.2 PURCHASERS INSPECTION The purchaser shall have the right to make inspections during fabrication and to witness any tests when he has so requested. Advance notiication shall be given as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. lnspection b
44、y the purchaser shall not relieve the manufacturer of his responsibilities. Any additional tests required by the purchaser, above those already agreed to, will be to the purchasers account. Cost for remedial work as a result of these additional tests will also be to the purchasers account. 6-3 NAME
45、PLATES 6-3.1 MANUFACTURERS NAME PLATE A suitable manufacturers name plate of corrosion resistant material shall be permanently attached to the head end or the shell of each TEMA exchanger. Name plates for exchangers manufactured in accordance with Classes R“ and “BH shall be austenitic (300 series)
46、stainless. When insulation thickness is specified by the purchaser, the name plate shall be attached to a bracket welded to the exchanger. 6-3.1 1 NAME PLATE DATA In addition to all data required by the ASME Code, a name plate shall also include the following (if provided): Users equipment identific
47、ation Users order number 6-3.12 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION The manufacturer shall supply supplemental information where it is pertinent to the operation or testing of the exchanger. This would include information pertaining to differential design and test pressure conditions, restrictions on operating
48、 conditions for fixed tubesheet type exchangers, or other restrictive conditions applicable to the design and/or operation of the unit or its components. Such information can be noted on the name plate or on a supplemental plate attached to the exchanger at the name plate location. 6-3.2 PURCHASERS
49、NAME PLATE Purchasers name plates, when used, are to be supplied by the purchaser and supplement rather than replace the manufacturers name plate. G-4 DRAWINGS AND ASME CODE DATA REPORTS 6-4.1 DRAWINGS FOR APPROVAL AND CHANGE The manufacturer shall submit for purchasers approval three (3) prints of an outline drawing showing nozzle sizes and locations, overall dimensions, supports and weight. Other drawings may be furnished as agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer. It is anticipated that a reasonable numbe
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