How to translate Chinese and English idioms containing figures appropriately 英语专业毕业论文.doc
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1、 1. Introduction It is well recognized that language and culture are inseparable. On the one hand, language plays a very important role in reflecting and expressing culture. A language is an essential part of the culture of a people and through it the other parts of culture are expressed. So to spea
2、k, without language there would be no culture descending from ancient times. On the other hand, since culture is defined succinctly as “the totality of beliefs and practices of a society” Eugene A. Nida, Language and Culture-Contexts in Translating (Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pres
3、s, 2001), 78., language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture. Changes in culture often give rise to new characteristics of language.正文行文请用Times New Roman字体, 小四号字,1.5倍行距,整个论文正文不少于6000个英文单词。Both English and Chinese are the languages in the world enjoying the longest history. During the long-te
4、rm development, they have accumulated a large number of idioms, including the idioms containing figures, which refer to the idioms containing cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers. As an indispensable part of idioms, Chinese and English idioms containing figures are closely related to their own cultu
5、res, conveying different cultural features and messages of their own nations. Usually, idioms containing figures reflect their cultural background knowledge with figure connotations. As we all know, figures are typical of the culturally loaded words. Not only do they belong to the digital realm, the
6、y are also used in idioms and phrases with cultural connotations. The Chinese and English peoples may have the same or similar concepts for figures, but because of their cultural diversities, they use figures in different ways with connotative meanings. In the 21st century, with the rapid developmen
7、t of economic globalization, cultural communication and cooperation between nations become more frequent, the research field of Chinese and English idioms correspondingly presents a new tendency. The idioms containing figures, as a crucial part of idioms, have become the main object for Chinese and
8、other nations scholars to study earnestly. However, since the idioms containing figures are characterized by their concise expressions, rich and vivid meanings, and are often culturally loaded, translators find it a great challenge to translate them between Chinese and English for every figure has i
9、ts specific connotations in different cultural backgrounds.This thesis attempts to solve the problem of how to translate Chinese and English idioms containing figures appropriately. It consists of 6 chapters. Apart from Introduction and Conclusion, it contains an overview of idioms, the definition o
10、f idioms containing figures, comparison and analysis of Chinese and English idioms containing figures, and translation strategies of Chinese and English idioms containing figures. Through an overview of idioms, the author makes clear some basic concepts of idioms and also attaches importance to this
11、 subject research. Then in the part of explaining the definition of idioms containing figures, the author introduces the relationship between figures and idioms containing figures and also gives a definition of idioms containing figures by researching and discussing the definitions that other schola
12、rs have put forward. The following part is the comparison and analysis of Chinese and English idioms containing figures. The author mainly analyses the figures connotative meaning both in Chinese and Western cultures, which aims to find out the cultural differences and make a comparison between Chin
13、ese and English idioms containing figures. The analysis and comparison will be helpful to explore the translation strategies of Chinese and English idioms containing figures. Fortunately, the author figures out some strategies as the theoretical basis of problem solving. The author lists some strate
14、gies and applies them to the concrete terms according to their features. Finally, by comparing the different translation strategies, the author presents his own view on the translation of Chinese and English idioms containing figures and offers some advice to the language learners. With the guidance
15、 of the principle of “functional equivalence, textual correspondence”, and the author-and-reader-oriented principle, the translation of Chinese and English idioms containing figures will take on a new appearance.2. An Overview of Idiom“Idiom is a group of words established by usage as having a meani
16、ng not deducible from those of the individual words”, according to the New Oxford Dictionary of English. As part of culture, idioms play an important role in the development of language. They carry cultural feature and information of different nations. Being characterized by their concise expression
17、s and significant meanings, all idioms derive from their historical origins with distinct national features and are closely related to geographical environment, historical background, religious beliefs, social customs and living conventions. So translators should take their cultural connotations and
18、 national characteristics into consideration when translating idioms.2.1. The Historical Study of IdiomGenerally speaking, the study of idiom can be divided into three stages. As early as in 1925, L. P. Smith published the book named Words and Idioms, which is regarded as the beginning of idioms res
19、earch. In this book, Smith discussed the sources and structures of idioms, and pointed out the basic characteristics of idioms: an idiom can be defined as a group of words with a meaning of its own that is different from the meanings of each separate words put together. He wrote, “The meaning of an
20、idiom is non-literal; many English idioms are used as expressions of determination, of exasperation, and vituperation, which contributes to vocabulary studies as being a description of how the peculiar genius of English shows itself in its idioms” Chitra Fernando, Idioms and Idiomaticity (Shanghai:
21、Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000), 20-22. Besides, a good part of Smiths account of idioms is devoted to their classification on the basis of their imagery. From the 1930s to 1950s, on the basis of Structuralism Theory, C. F. Hockett emphasized the importance of context understanding
22、in the idioms identification and interpretation, and explained the underlying structure and semantic features of idioms, which began to standardize the definition of idioms 骆世平,英语习语研究前言,骆世平 著(上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005),-。. In 1960s, influenced by the Generative Grammar Theory of Chomsky, the study of idioms
23、 reached an impasse, but never stopped. Not until B. Fraser, a representative linguists, put forward the Frozenness Hierarchy Theory, in which he admitted that idioms are in fixed expression did this tendency find its outlet, but B. Fraser thought there still exists transformational potential 骆世平,-。
24、. Thus, the study of idioms came into public notice again. Since the 1980s, the study of idioms has entered a new stage. Linguists begin to open up the functional approach of idioms in relations environment, exploring the role that idioms play in communication activities, which makes the study of id
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