On The Differences of Table Manners between Chinese and Westerns Countries 英语专业毕业论文.doc
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1、On The Differences of Table Manners between Chinese and Westerns Countries一、 课题(论文)提纲Introduction 1. Chinese Table Manners and Characteristics2. Western Table Manners and Characteristics3. The differences of Chinese and Western table manners3.1Dining time concepts3.2 Different notion4. Taboos of Chi
2、nese and Western Table Manners4.1 Taboos during the meal4.2 Banquet menu taboosConclusion二、内容摘要俗话说“民以食为天”,在当代吃不仅仅是解决饥饿,从中体现得更多的是文化内涵。餐桌是展示优良礼仪的一个重要的地方,是生活的缩影,优雅的餐桌礼仪可能带来友谊甚至成功。显然地, 吃已经渗透到人们社会生活的方方面面,点点滴滴中流露出一个国家和民族的文化底蕴。看看现在蓬勃发展的餐饮业,琳琅满目的各式餐厅酒店,标新立异的异国风味,别出心裁的特色菜肴,每天越来越多的人聚集到餐桌旁,开怀畅饮,谈笑风生。餐桌礼仪作为一种社会
3、习俗,由民族文化所决定,在世界各地存在着一定的差异。中国作为文明古国自然有着深邃久远的餐桌礼仪,西方国家也在民族融合和现代化进程中形成了自己的餐桌礼仪。中国和西方的餐桌礼仪存在着很多差异,研究它有益于帮助人们学习语言文化同时改善跨文化的沟通能力。关键词: 餐桌礼仪 不同点 禁忌There is an old saying: Food is the most important for people which is not only deal with hunger at present, but also contains more cultural meanings. The dining
4、 table is one of the most important places where good manners are displayed. Elegant manners at the table may bring friendship and even success. Obviously, It is clear that eat have infiltrated into every aspect of social life, bit by bit in a show of national and ethnic cultural background. Now loo
5、k at the booming restaurant industry, the dazzling variety of hotel restaurants, the maverick exotic, try to be different characteristics of the dishes, every day more and more people gathered to the table, happily drinking, laughing. Table manners as a social custom, the decision by the culture aro
6、und the world, there are some differences. China has a natural deep as the ancient civilization of the ancient table manner, Western countries are also national integration and modernization in the process of forming their own table manners. There are many differences in table manner between China a
7、nd the West, Researching it will help people to learn the language culture and improve the ability of communication in cross-culture practice.Keywords: table manners, difference, taboos三、 参考文献1 石泳琦. 奥运礼仪M. 北京大学出版社2 陈弘美. 餐桌礼仪实用知识M . 北京:世界图书出版社3 冯玉珠. 餐饮礼仪全攻略M . 对外经济贸易大学出版社4 Elizabeth L. Post. In honor
8、 of etiquette M .上海:外语教学与研究出版社5 程文文. 涉外礼仪之食的礼仪J .大连:理工大学出版社6 Helen. 中西方“餐桌礼仪”人文现象与文化迁移的比较研究, J . 上海:复旦大学出版社 7. 黄士平. 现代礼仪学M .武汉:大学出版社On the Differences ofTable MannersBetween China and Western Countries Introduction:Manners are important in society. They help us to be civil to one another. Because a
9、person who minds his manners knows how to act in every circumstance, he tends to feel comfortable in unfamiliar surroundings. Nowhere are manners more important than at the table. Table manners prevent diners from being sloppy, offensive and boorish. They help to communicate respect to hosts and gue
10、sts alike. Table manners are not hard and intensive rules; rather they are helpful guidelines in our social relationships. Generally, people consider that having meal is very simple, but there are lots of culture and rules in it. For example, some cultural differences reflected in table manners betw
11、een Chinese and the West.Keywords: table manners, difference, taboos1. Chinese Table Manners and Characteristics1.1 In China the host is very warm and modest to their guestsBefore the coming of guests, the host would prepare a sumptuous feast. There are dainties of every kind preparing on the table.
12、 The rich usually eat shellfish and crab, while the common people eat chicken, duck, fish, etc. When the feast starts, host urges guests to drink and eat more and pick up food for their guest frequently with their own chopsticks. In the hosts opinion, the aim to entertain is to let guests drink and
13、eat to their hearts content. While the host urges their guests to drink and eat more, they always say: There is little to eat, please make this do for eating, or these dishes are not so good, enjoy yourself. A feature in China must be mention: People eat together. It means that people use their own
14、chopsticks to pick up food in one plate; the others also pick up food in the same plate. However, the host often use him own chopsticks to pick up food for guests. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. When the feast is finished, the host will invite their guests to drink tea. It has
15、been a custom in China. They chat when they drink tea. The host urges guests to drink tea but not overdo it. In the past, Chinese urged guest to drink tea repeatedly. It hints to guest that they should go now.Furthermore the host arranges the seats in advance in order to write the names of these peo
16、ple who join the banquet on their marks. Then the guests are seated in good order. The arrangement of seats embodies respect for guests.Where a guest is seated depends on his age, social status and so on. Taking the left for upper, it is the traditional custom in China. It means the left seat is hig
17、her than the right one. The guest of honor should be arranged on the left of the host. In the past, Chinese advocated south, east and the left. With the times going, the view of position has changed. It does not only inherit the tradition, but also use some views of Western counties for reference. T
18、he guest should be arranged on the right of the host. At present, when people hold meeting or take a group photo, they are affected by this rule. Chinese entertained guest using the Eight-Immortal table in tradition. The seat faced to the door is the seat of honor, while the others are seated aside.
19、 The older, the guest of honor, the higher-level is seated in the upper seat, and the hosts sit at the lower seat. The other guests are seat in order. When there are more than one table, the host and the hostess seat together in the main table. The distance from the main table determined the positio
20、n of these people. The shorter the distance is, the more important the guest is. The main table is a standard. The right table is higher than the left one; the close table is lower than the far one. The middle table is higher than the one place aside.1.2 The Chinese meal needsIn addition to these, t
21、he Chinese meal needs chopsticks, plate, bowl, scoop, small dishes and so on. The bottle is put in front of plate, while the glass is put on the right. The number of glass is the same with the amount of wine. Napkins may be folded into some beautiful shape or form the rectangle flatting in the cente
22、r of the plate. Of course, there must be ashtray and toothpick on the table. There is only one rule for a formal table and that is everything must be geometrically spaced: the centerpiece in the actual center, the placed at equal distances and all utensils balanced. In a word, what must match is the
23、 quality of everything put on the table.On the one hand, Chinese use bowl to eat. The bowl is used to ladle rice, soup and food. Chinese had used the bowl to eat since the New Stone Age. Chinese bowl is made of china. The traditional style is in blue and white. Chinese dont use the bowl with broken
24、edge. In the past, before a convict was sentenced to death, he would have drunk wine. Then, he broke the bowl and shouted: I will be a brave man in 18 years. People always associate the imperfect bowl with a convict sentenced to death. So people never use bowl with a little crack.On the other hand,
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