The Research of Contemporary Critical Discourse Analysis 英语专业毕业论文.doc
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1、The Research of Contemporary Critical Discourse Analysis1. IntroductionCritical Discourse Analysis, also called Critical Linguistics, Critical Language Study or Linguistics Criticism, it was proposed in 1979 by Hodge, Fowler, Trew Kress, et al in the book Language and Power.Critical linguistics has
2、nearly 20 years history. It is on the philosophical basis of Frankfurt schools western Marxist, and it is a branch of western critical theory in linguistics respect. Critical linguistics is based on the theory of Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorfs language related theory and language determinism”,
3、 and Hallidays Systemic-Functional Grammar (SFG) theory. It is one of the main tasks of critical linguistics to reveal the relationship between ideology and language, with appropriate linguistics theory analyzing public discourse. Halliday called it as autonomous linguistics which is outside instrum
4、ental linguistics”. Its status has universally acknowledged by linguistics schools.The research of contemporary Critical Discourse Analysis was developed in the late 1970s from Critical Linguistics, which was mainly created by Britain and Australia. In 1991, the term critical linguistic was compiled
5、 into Crystals Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, and it was explained in detail by Malmkjaer in Linguistics Encyclopedia. At present, more and more scholars are applying CDA to study news reports, especially political news reports, for example, Kou Jies Critical Discourse Analysis of Politica
6、l News Reports in American and British Newspapers and Hilary Jankss Critical Discourse Analysis as a Research Tool. There are also some scholars analyzing Sino-US relation by study economic news reports with CDA, but until now, no scholars study reports about Hus state visit to US with CDA.2Literatu
7、re ReviewCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA), as a method of Discourse Analysis, develops rapidly since it was proposed. However, it doesnt have its own specialized theories or framework. Although the schools about CDA are various, they have an identical goal- to expose the ideologys influence to utte
8、rances, the utterances counteractive to ideology, and how the two elements root in and serve the social structure and power relation.2.1 Previous and Present Studies on Critical Discourse Analysis at Home and AbroadIn the past 20 years, more and more people begin to study Critical Discourse Analysis
9、. In 1993, the magazine Discourse and Society edited by Van Dijk published critical discourse analysis special”. Such writings on this aspect still has a lot more, for instance, Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Research (Van Dijk, 1998), Discourse and Social Changes (Fairclough, 1992), Critical Conscio
10、usness of Language (Fairclough, 1992), Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 1995) and Linguistics Criticism (Fowler, 1996), etc. All these suggest that Critical Discourse Analysis, as a new trend of Discourse Analysis, has been accepted by western countries to some extent. However, in China, it
11、is a completely new field, there are not so many the articles and books on this aspect. Basically have XinBins Language, Power and Ideologies: Criticism Linguistics, Rustic Opinion of English Discourses Critical Analysis, Critical Analysis of News Discourses Reported Speech and Methodology of Critic
12、al Discourse Analysis, Chen Zhonghua et als Commentary on Critical Discourse Analysis, Ding Jianxin et als Commentary on Critical Discourse Analysis, Dai Huihua et als Criticism Discourse Analysis: theory Commentary and example analysis.2.2 Significance of Present StudyThis paper, which begins with
13、news reports about Hus state visit to US and which is combined with the current critical linguistics tools, will analyze the characteristics of political news reports, and then will further discuss the attitude of the world media on Sino-US relationship development, the development of china-us relat
14、ions and its development trend.2.3 Features of News ReportsJournalistic English is one of the most widely used literature forms. News reports require efficiency, so news writing should be simple and brief. Journalistic English has some distinctive word features from other writings. Almost all terms
15、or jargons are adopted by news reports or news comments, such as technology, sports, military and other terms. In order to expand the publicity, to attract as many readers as possible and to report all the events which happen in society, journalistic English has to create new words, borrow foreign w
16、ords, seek slangs and figurative terms, therefore, journalistic words were developed. News is socially constructed. As Fowler (1991:4) has pointed out, News is a representation of the world in language and news is a representation in this sense of construction; it is not a value-free reflection of f
17、acts. Roger Fowler (1979) argued that news is a practice, a product of the social and political world. He said that the content of news report was not facts about the world, but in a very general sense ideas, beliefs, values, positions, or ideologies. By discussing the role of linguistic structures
18、in the construction of ideas in news coverage, he concluded that language was not neutral, but a highly constructive mediator. Generally speaking, each news report is made up of three parts: headline, lead and news body. The following will give a simple introduction of each part.2.3.1 Headline Headl
19、ine plays a very important role in news reports. It should be the most attractive part of the whole passage. As is known to all, people usually read newspapers roughly, and most of the newspaper readers tend to just grab the main idea of the whole passage, so the words appear in the headline should
20、be simple, figurative and attractive enough to draw the readers attention, so that the readers can read the passage further. Another feature of headline lies in its sentence structure. Often, the headline is a very brief sentence, or even it is not a complete sentence, the common feature is that the
21、 tense is not complicated.2.3.2 LeadThe lead part of a news report is of great importance. Generally speaking, a good lead should summarize the six essential elements of news - 5W1H, that is Who - the leading role of the eventWhat - the eventWhen - the time of the eventWhere - the place of eventWhy
22、- the cause of the eventHow - the way that the event happenedTo achieve this goal, lead is usually written in the form of long sentences, which are not recommended in general English writing. More information is accommodated at the expense of the simplicity of the syntax. Thats why long sentences ar
23、e frequently seen in the lead part of news report. 2.3.3 News ResourceIn the past decades of years, China Daily, 21st Century - have been the main English news resource of the most English researchers and learners in China. These newspapers follow the traditions of English News reports, offer fairly
24、 international reports to the readers according to real-world experience. Nowadays, the development of internet opened another door for the readers, and it brought them into a wider circle of the English news media world.2.3.4 Linguistic FeaturesJournalistic English has the following linguistic feat
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