The Features between English and Chinese Languages in Diplomacy and Their Translation 英语毕业论文.doc
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1、The Features between English and Chinese Languages in Diplomacy and Their Translation1. Introduction By dictionary, translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Many translators have done their own understanding since time
2、immemorial. In Ciyuan, the definition is to use one language to express what other languages mean. Barkhudarov, a famous soviet translator, defines translation as below in his Language and translation, translation is a process, changing one language to another, on the basis of keeping the meaning an
3、d content unchanged. In the early 19th century, Yan Fu proposed a new translation standard, “faithfulness, expressive, and elegancy”, which becomes universal in China and is highlighted and widely used by the majority of translators. Diplomacy is the negotiation in international affairs, which takes
4、 diplomatic language (DL for short) as its carrier. However, different from the ordinary language, DL has its unique characteristics as a tactful and polite language. DL is widely used in the fields of social intercourse, foreign affairs negotiation, and answering to sensitive questions. The signifi
5、cance of DL is self-evident, but poor translation of DL could be the waste of a mouse which spoils the delicious soup. The quality of DL translation is directly related to the smooth development of diplomacy, therefore, it is quite necessary for us to do a study about DL in order to guide us in the
6、process of DL translation.In this paper, the author does a study on DL language, and thus find its unique characteristics. Based on these characteristics, the author explores how should a DL translator do in accordance with these DL features. 2. Literature Review2.1 Translation theoryThe most influe
7、ntial translation theory respectively at home and abroad may go to Yan fu and Nida. Therefore, DL translation is fundamentally guided by their theories.2.1.1 Nidas Translation TheoryEugene Nida has been a pioneer in the field of translation theory. His most notable and controversial contribution to
8、translation theory is Dynamic Equivalence (1964), also known as Functional Equivalence. This approach to translation aims to reproduce the intention of the original text in translation rather than reproducing the actual words of the original. Nida and Venuti(1969) have proved that translation studie
9、s is a much more complex discipline with the translator having to look beyond the text itself to deconstruct on an intra-textual level and decode on a referential level-assessing culture-specific items, idiom and figurative language to achieve an understanding of the ST and embark upon creating a tr
10、anslation which transfers not only what words mean in a given context, but also recreates the impact of the original text with the limits of the translators own language system.2.2.2 Yan Fus Translation TheorySince Yan Fu brought up the “Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance”, it has become the
11、condensation of the translation theory in ancient China, and the focus of modern translation study. Some people regarded them as principles, some considered them theories, and some thought theywere standards.Each famous people of the translation field aired his own view, commendatory or derogatory,
12、but no one could surpass them. Therefore, some thought that studying the “Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance”is equal to study the whole translation theories of China. Thus it can be seen, Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance influenced profoundly in the translation circle of China.Faith
13、fulness means that the translator should transmit the meanings or thoughts from the originals during translating. In other words, the translation should reflect the whole information accurately and completely. The information may include the meanings and thoughts of the author, the culture and custo
14、ms of a country, the life-style and the way of thinking of the people and so on. Whats more, it is also closely related to the translators cognition of words when choosing the most appropriate one.Then, how to achieve it during translating? First of all, comprehensive quality of the translator is ve
15、ry important. That is, he should learn the culture and customs of other countries directly or indirectly. One of the ways may be to read a lot of books related to literature. Second, he should learn the culture and customs of other countries directly or indirectly. According to Yan Fu, to learn the
16、western culture and custom, the best way is to study the foreign language, then read the western books, observe and learn from the western life(严复,1986). To achieve this, one cannot only learn the western culture realistically, but also read books unlimitedly.Expressiveness dose not mean that transl
17、ator will use the same, single way to treat different kinds of originals. That is, different originals will be treated in different ways. That is because different originals have varying social background. Even every author has a complex and typical individual experience as his background. Therefore
18、, to achieve expressiveness, one should learn the characters of different kinds of types of writing and choose the proper way to express it. That is the reason why different translators have different cognition of word and their typical principle bearing in mind when doing literary translation. Eleg
19、ance is also a standard of Yans translation thought. Translating is not the information copied from the originals, but a creative project, which can be regarded as translators cognition of original literary works from various aspects.2.2 The definition and unique characteristics of DL 2.2.1 The defi
20、nition of DLDL is quite different from daily language, no wonder Elino said DL was just like a new language, despite of the same words, which actually means totally different, who was once committed as the American representative in UN and also wife of U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt. According to
21、 Matos (2004:283), diplomatic language can be described as a “peace-building, peace-making and a peace-promoting force.” Yang Mingxing(2008) defines DL as such, DL, either oral or written form, is the leaders or officials of one country make during diplomatic affairs, like visiting, negotiating, new
22、s releasing, and the like such diplomatic occasions, including foreign-related speeches, declarations, communiqus, diplomatic notes, letters, and so on. DL always bring a strong political complexion; it is the reflection of diplomatic positions and policy of one country, concerning the sovereignty a
23、nd territorial integrity of the country. Therefore, DL translation differs from other translations in that it is politically sensitive and therefore highly demanding.Diplomacy is defined in American Heritage Dictionary as “the art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating
24、alliances, treaties, and agreement, tact and skill in dealing with people”. DL is the tool used by the diplomats to express their countrys foreign policy and also a weapon to manage conflicts, maintain relationship, and process effective alliance. Generally speaking, DL is a formal, guarded, cautiou
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