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1、有效的小组合作互动有效的小组合作互动 摘 要: 小组合作是中生之共同完成新知建和解的互程教学学间来对识构决问题动过,助它帮 生交流和分享究的信息、意及成果学学会研创,展于合作的精神。发乐团队 : 群体 小合作 有效互关键词组动 引言:学习是互动的过程,教学中的课堂交往是通过师生互动和生生互动实现的。在课堂教 学中,直接参与互动的主体是教师个体、学生个体和学生群体。在新目标教学中不难发现,教师 创设更多的小组合作互动过程能直接为整个课堂教学频添魅力。 一、课堂一、课堂合作的多种互动合作的多种互动形式形式 常见的课堂互动合作互动合作形式主要分为师生互动合作;全班互动合作活动;学生之间互动;小 组互
2、动合作;个体参与活动。这里的学生之间互动是指学生个体与群体或是群体与个体之间的 活动,这种形式活动可以应用在角色表演、男女对抗、小组间竞赛等环节。活动时教师让学生 共同编排对话、表演,让学生亲临语言环境,有效地激发他们的学习兴趣。而小组互动合作活 动,它是学生个体与个体之间的互动。教师把学生分成若干小组,通常 3-4 人一组,可进行对话, 短剧的编排,或就问题展开讨论,各抒己见,小组综合,得出结论,或表演或汇报,让其余同 学参与评价。从互动的人际状态性质的角度来分析,课堂互动可分为合作性互动、对抗性互动、 竞争合作性互动等三种基本形式。 二、小组合作互动二、小组合作互动 学生个体与学生群体的互
3、动、教师与学生群体的互动以及学生群体与学生群体的互动都是 以小组活动为基础,它是学生间讨论、交流、检验教学结果等方面最直接,最有效的方法。小组 活动形式多样:同桌间小组结对;前后左右桌组合;“扩展型”组合;“顺流型”组合等。教 师应根据不同的内容灵活运用小组活动,及时调整学习小组的组合形式。假如老师只是将单一 的小组组合形式重复使用,会使学生心生厌烦,难以达到令师生满意的活动效果。 从教学的方便和课堂学习组织结构的优化角度考虑,并根据合作教育理论的启示,可以按根 据学生自愿或英语级别进行搭配、组合,把他们分成若干人一组的若干学习小组,4 人小组里学 生的水平层次搭配比例一般优中差之比为 1:2
4、:1,让小组学生在学习中互相促动、互相帮助、 开展交际,合作提高。小组内应设有组长,以便今后互相督促、检查本组同学的作业与口头学 习情况,进而做好后进生的“小老师”。这种小组学习既能“扶差”以缩小落后面,又能促动 优生对自身提出更高更严的要求,实际形成学生间“能飞则飞、能跑则跑”的局面,让学生在 学习上自主起来。虽有可能会造成差距,但无须惧怕差距,相反,应重视和利用差距来激发学 生学习英语的进取心,从而使整个班级形成一股积极向上的合力。在合作学习中发现“尖子”, 培养“小老师”,让他们“扶差”,从而显示出小组学习优势所在。小组学习应集中不同层次 的学生质疑问难,通过积累必要的英语言语知识,不断
5、挖掘学生的兴趣源,让他们自觉不自觉 地进入自主学习的天地,同时让课堂教学活动体现出合作的四大特性:针对性、开放性、自主 性和互补性。这样,学生便能在掌握基本技能的同时,又培养起他们自身优良的个性品质,发 展了自主能力和交往合作能力。 1 学生在与同伴间的合作学习时,学会了倾听、交流、协作,培养合作意识,获得交往技能, 敢于在实质性的讨论中运用所学知识表达观点,质疑不同见解。通过师生互动基础上的生生互 动的加强,使得教与学的关系变得更为生动活泼。学生一旦把学习看作了一件乐事,最终进入 “学会”与“会学”的境地。 三、 小组合作互动成功的关键三、 小组合作互动成功的关键 1、精心重组教材内容。 案
6、例 1:合作学习活动应该在教案设计中体现出来,任务的设计要有一定的难度和挑战性, 要鼓励学生开动脑筋,发挥创意。 比如,教师在教学数字时,可以让学生预先收集身边的数字:自家的门牌号,电话号码, 车牌号,了解数字在生活中的妙用等;教学字母时让学生从网上收集身边的缩略词,开展记缩略 词比赛,看谁收集得多,认识得多。 2、整体统筹教学环节。 案例 2:在学习颜色时,教师根据双语班情况,在教材基础上安排学生吸纳更多的课外知识。 为让学生从视觉感受更多的颜色,引领学生学习美术知识,了解三原色以及在此基础上更多的颜 色的生成,甚至亲手画画;引导学生寻找古诗中的颜色,师生互动领略中文古诗世界;也可让他 们从
7、记忆中、从内心深处寻找颜色,感受颜色。 3.发挥游戏独特优势。 案例 3:游戏能变“乏味”为“有趣”,让学生在轻松愉快的心态下学习,可谓“学中玩, 玩中学”。比如,在 Where is my backpack?单元教学操练巩固方位词的环节,教师就设计可 “猜一猜”游戏。用多媒体把要求展示给学生,告诉他们图中笑脸后是 a backpack 或其他物品, 让他们猜它们的位置。教师把全班分为两组进行对抗赛,凡是参与者都能为自己的组赢得一个 “苹果”,猜正确的获得两个“苹果”;别人已经用过的句子则没有“苹果”,这样学生还得 认真听同学发言,以免自己“吃力不讨好”,因为自己浪费一次发言的机会,没有获得“
8、苹 果”而受到组内同学的批评。几乎全班学生,不论是平时沉默寡言者,还是基础落后者,个个 都热情高涨,争先恐后的举手发言,努力要为本组摘得苹果,生怕自己的句子被人抢先一步。 事先教师安排了十分钟的游戏时间,谁知学生直至下课铃响都还意犹未尽,要求继续进行游戏。 四、小组合作学习的误区四、小组合作学习的误区 曾经听过这样一节校内公开课,JEFC Book 1A 的 Lesson 56 复习巩固句型“Whose?”的用 法。教师设计了一个任务:失物招领活动(这节课的最后环节)。在复习了有关的知识后,教师就 让学生组成四人小组进行活动。学生们手中有其他人的笔、书包等学习用品和鞋、帽等服装, 要求找到主人
9、。活动之前,教师分发给每位学生一张表格,如下: Found (失物招领失物招领) Thing Color Whose 教师没有明确说明实施细则和要求,就开始让学生进行小组活动了。一下子,教室里就像 开了锅,学生们走东逛西,既要寻找自己的失物,又要让别的同学认领手中的东西。很多学生 CorelDRAW.Graphic.9 CBD2EDBE-65D0-11D1-B7B9-00A0C90646A9 0105000002000000180000004d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e352e3000000000000000000000480000d0cf11
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