毕业设计(论文)-英语“同词反义”现象及其翻译初探.doc
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1、 本科生毕业设计(论文)( 2008届 ) 题 目: 英语“同词反义”现象及其翻译初探 学 院: 外 国 语 学 院 专 业: 英 语 学生姓名: 学号: 04096111 指导教师: 职称: 讲师 合作导师: 职称: 完成时间: 2008 年 6 月 成 绩: “Enantiosemy” in English and Its E-C Translation 浙江师范大学本科毕业设计(论文)正文目 录Abstract1摘要2Outline3提纲41. IntroductionXX2. Sources of Formation of “Enantiosemy”XX3. Classificatio
2、n of “Enantiosemy”XX 3.1 The Angle of Synchronic Linguistics XX 3.2 The Angle of Diachronic LinguisticsXX 3.3 Words with AppraisementXX 4. Translation of “Enantiosemy”XX 4.1 DisambiguationXX 4.2 MaintenanceXX 4.3 TransformationXX 5. ConclusionXX Works CitedXX “Enantiosemy” in English and Its E-C Tra
3、nslationLin LiAbstract: This paper firstly introduces the definition of “Enantiosemy” and elaborates the development of the phenomenon and the foreign studies. Next it proposes the causes of “Enantiosemy” according to the recent reseaches. By listing enough instances, it then classifies “Enantiosemy
4、” into three kinds. It finally discusses some possible translation-tips in its E-C renderings.Key words: Enantiosemy; classify; E-C translation英语“同词反义”现象及其翻译初探*摘要: 本文首先引进了关于“同词反义”现象的概念,阐述了“同词反义”现象的发展进程以及一些国外已有研究。接着依据相关史料记载以及文献背景,提出“同词反义”现象的成因。根据材料,例证引述,将“同词反义”现象划分为三大类。最后讨论、提出了关于“同词反义”现象在英汉翻译中应秉持的一些要
5、点及原则。关键词:同词反义;分类;英汉翻译 “Enantiosemy” in English and Its E-C TranslationFLC 2004(08)(English)Lin LiTutor: Chen Yonghua1. IntroductionTo begin with I will provide an example to commence my paper. “I saw a play yesterday. Its terrific! This sentence can be understood in two ways: the movie was excellent
6、 or it was terrible to see. Here, the key point which causes the distinctness is the word “terrific”, which contains two entirely opposite meanings. Also, therere an army of these words used widely in peoples daily life. The words of this kind, in English linguistics, called “Enantiosemy”. It refers
7、 to a word which contains two opposite meanings. In English, linguists also gave the existence a name called “Enantiosemy” in English. Nowadays, according to牛津语言学词典(1997), it is defined as “A case of polysemy in which one sense is in some respect the opposite of another.”In order to reduce the frict
8、ions during the intercourse or translation between persons having dissimilar cultures, this paper will first discuss the sources of the formation of “Enantiosemy”, then examine the classification of “Enantiosemy”, and finally explore the translation tips while facing such cases in daily life.2. Sour
9、ces of Formation of “Enantiosemy”“Enantiosemy”, as a special linguistic phenomenon, is one of the notable formats in semantics. It is an exceptional form in the system of semantics, especially in polysemy and ambivalent words. As the ancient Chinese people firstly studied Fanxun to be a subject, it
10、might be the first and oldest name of “Enantiosemy”. It is a lingual phenomenon, truly exists in almost every language-system. The ancient Chinese people have already captured the fact and paid more attention on this aspect, which has its name of “Fanxun” in Chinese. But I doubted what the proper te
11、rm for this phenomenon is, and made a call for other examples of this phenomenon in English, Chinese, and other languages. Additionally, I asked whether a phenomenon that can be rightfully classed with other regular forms of polysemy (metonymy, metaphor) and language change, or is it always a curiou
12、s accident.Finally, I collected six established names for “auto-antonymy”, which christen by the former linguists: Dirk Geeraerts writes that the phenomenon “is known in the older tradition of historical semantics as antiphrasis or enantiosemy. Miriam Schlesinger and M. Lynne Murphy noted that such
13、words are sometimes called “Janus Word”, after the two-faced Greek mythic figure; Larry Horn, renowned historian of negation, said the phenomenon had been dubbed “antilogy” by John Train in his 1980 book “remarkable Words With Astonishing Origins” and “enantiodromia”, which was given from David Gamo
14、n, was offered for the diachronic process of acquiring an “opposite” meaning. All the information above I got was from Mr. Alex Eulenberg by email. In the first place, lets review some relevant discovers related to the early period of “Enantiosemy”: St Isidore of Seville may well be the source of “l
15、ucus a non lucendo,” as Paul Werth suggests; Lepschy, in his book when taking comments on the ideas of Abels, described the coincidences of the words which were particularly frequent in the early stages of languages had already got its place during the long tradition in almost every language systems
16、: to the medieval Jewish grammarians discussions on parallel phenomena in Hebrew, to Christian biblical scholars who at least since the 17th century examine cases of “enantiosemy” in the Sacred, classical, and modern languages, Hebrew “berekh” means he blessed and he cursed; Greek “argos” means swif
17、t and slow; Latin “Altus” means high and deep; the German romantics, in the first part of the 19th century, meditated on opposite meanings, “aufheben”, Hegels comments on a key term in his logic, means both to eliminate and to preserve( Lepschy, A Survey of Structural Linguistics: Faber and Faber 28
18、-29).Does it happen by pure chances or could it be explained in terms of cognitive mapping? As concerning on the causes of formation, there are several scholars who have discussed and summarized this facet before. By summing up their achievements as a whole, however, the general sources can be unifi
19、ed in four aspects as follows:First of all, the dialectic unity, which means the oneness in the contradictory of an object, is a basic concept of the philosophical categories. The rule makes the essence of “Enantiosemy” a special and distinguishable representation and tells the origin.The second is
20、from the words meanings. When we look up any word in a dictionary, we will find that almost every word has several items, at least more than one. But each word only has one primary meaning in the beginning. As the society and civilization progresses, the words significations enlarge a lot, and are m
21、ore diversiform than it used to be. The very key lies in that some words primevally have their original meanings very indistinct. After such long time, the items of some words, especially the Enantiosemy, turn into the current forms we see today.Table 1. Some examples in variances of the meanings (W
22、ebsters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) web1913Original meaningItems list in the dictionary nowTerrificVery bad: frightfulVery bad: frightful; Extraordinary; magnificentDeserveTo be worthy of: meritTo be worthy of: merit; To be worthy of (something due, either good or evil)InhabitedNot habitabl
23、eNot habitable; Having inhabitants, lived inFurthermore, the direct inducements of sudden language situations makes it, “Enantiosemy”, becomes a real existent farther. Such direct inducements impulse the words meanings, which have already mentioned above.Also the causes of formation were steered by
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