英语本科毕业论文-个体语言与语境.doc
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1、 本科毕业论文 个体语言与语境学生姓名: 学生学号: 200310206010 院(系): 外国语学院 年级专业: 2003级英语本科2班 指导教师: 二七年五月Individual Speech and ContextZhang LihuaUnder the Supervision of Li LiqinSchool of foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007攀枝花学院本科毕业文 ContentsContents Abstract.IKey Words.I摘要.II关键词.IIIntroduction.1I. I
2、ndividual Speech. 3 A.Individual Speech Characteristics.3B.Individual Speech Functions.31. Interpersonal Function. . . . . . . 32. Informative.43. Performative.54. Emotive Function.55. Phatic Communion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66. Recreational Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6II. Con
3、text Characteristics. . .7A. Objective Practicability. .7B. Entirety. .7C. Dynamic.7D Difference. .8III. The Relationship of Individual Speech and Context. 8A. Contexts Influence on the Individual Speech . . . 8 B.Influence of Individual Speech on Context. . . . .9Conclusion.11Acknowledgements.12Bib
4、liography.13攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 AbstractAbstractThe individual spoken language or individual speech thoroughly affects peoples daily life which simultaneously provides the survival environment for the individual speech, and the survival environment is called context. Individual speech is not only influenced
5、 by linguistic context but also affects the context. Their relationship is mutually affecting and restricted. But in daily life, the people could often regard the individual speech which is always neglected as the natural existence. This research about the relationship between individual speech and
6、context can smoothly promote peoples communication in order to achieve the goal of society exchanges.Key WordsIndividual speech; context; communication; speech functions; context characteristics攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 摘要摘要个体语言深入人们的日常生活,同时日常生活又为个体语言提供了生存环境,也就是语言环境或语境。个体语言不但受语境的影响,反之它也影响着语境,二者的关系是相互影响,相互制约的。但是在日常
7、生活中,人们往往会把个体语言视为理所当然的存在而忽视了对它的认识。本课题对语言和语境关系的研究有利于促进人们日常生活中的交际活动顺利完成,从而实现社会交际的目的。关键词个体语言; 语境; 交际活动; 语言的功能;语境的性质II攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 IntroductionIntroductionThe speech is a tool for human being to share experience, communicate thought and pass on knowledge from generation to generation. As early as in the 1
8、920s, a school of Anthropological Study of Linguistics came into being in English. For instance, when Malinowski, an anthropologist, did his field work on the Trobriand Islands off eastern New Guinea, he observed that in this primitive culture the meaning of a word greatly depended upon its occurren
9、ce in a given context, or rather, upon a real language situation in life. Take the word wood for example. In this culture, the word might be used either to refer to the solid substance of a tree as its English equivalent suggests, or more specifically, to designate a canoe, which served as a useful
10、means of transportation to these islanders and therefore played an important role in the daily life of this Speech Community. The second interpretation of this word was, however, turned out to be heavily situationally or culturally specified and might not be easily captured by an outsider from a dif
11、ferent cultural background. Based on phenomena like this, Malinowski claimed that In its primitive uses, language functions as a link in concerted human activity.It is a mode of action and not an instrument of reflection.” Needless to say, the work by Malinowski paved the way for a cultural, rather,
12、 a contextual study of language use in Britain. Strongly influenced by this anthropological view of language and being fully aware of the importance of the context in the study of language use, Firth, a leading figure in a model for illustrating the close relationship between language use and its co
13、-occurrent factors.China also gradually moves to research the language and the linguistic environment. Since 1990s, a pretty important aspect that Chinese literary language reforms is adopting individual language tactics which refers that individual spoken language takes individual experience as the
14、 basis of superficial characteristics, resisting common experience and common language, and proposing that fundamental characteristic should have history creativeness and the individual difference. The Chinese researchers have made the important contribution for the context research.2 The research c
15、an teach us how to use spoken language in certain social scene and help us to achieve certain social goal. Everyone has his or her own speaking way which is regarded as individual spoken language. Different individual spoken language may reflect the different external context and situation.攀枝花学院本科毕业
16、文 BodyI. Individual SpeechLanguage is a natural object, a component of the human mind, physically represented in the brain and part of the biological endowment of the species. Every speaker can produce and understand an unbounded number of linguistic expressions in normal language use (Chomsky, 3).A
17、. Individual Speech CharacteristicsSociality, refers to the specific abstract language system, namely language material and language rule, also is the language which was said by psychology. Language is social and convention in that language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place
18、effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio-cultural roles.Individuality refers to the individual express their thought by grasping language knowledge on the exchange process, namely the actu
19、al words. The psychology calls it the spoken language(speech).B. Individual Speech Functions1. Interpersonal FunctionBy far the most important sociological use of language is the interpersonal function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. In the framework of functional
20、grammar, this function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addressers attitude toward what he speaks or writes about. For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves (e.g. Dear Sir, Dear Professor, Johnny,
21、yours, your obedient servant) indicate the various grades of interpersonal relation. Language serves to establish and maintain social rules, which include the communication roles created by language itself-for example the roles of questioner and respondent, which we take on by asking or answering a
22、question;.Through this function,.social groups are delimited, and the individual is identified and reinforced, since by enabling him to interact with others language also serves in the expression and development of his own personality. Attached to the interpersonal function of language is its functi
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