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1、 本科生毕业设计(论文)中文题目: 非货币交易中换入资产入账价值的研究 英文题目: Study of Recorded value of Non-monetary Exchange 学生姓名:学号: 学院:国际教育学院 专业:英语(国际会计) 指导教师姓名及职称: 完成时间: 2011年4月30日 江西师范大学教务处制独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承
2、担。学位论文作者签名:日期: 年 月 日 Contents Abstract4中文摘要5Introduction61 The Basic Concepts of Non-monetary Exchange61.1 Non-monetary transaction61.2 The type of non-monetary exchange71.3 The theoretical basis of measurement of non-monetary transaction82 Comparison of non-monetary transaction82.1 The analysis of
3、Chinas accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assets82.2 The analysis of international accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assets103 The accounting treatment of Chinas non-monetary transactions-case study124 On Suggestions that the implementation
4、and improvement of methods for measurement of assets144.1 Perfect for measuring the relevant criteria of assets144.2 Improve the economic environment of measurement of the assets164.3 Improve the professional knowledge of accounting practitioners164.4 Strengthen the audit and supervision of the reco
5、rded value of the swap-in assets17Conclusion18Bibliography19Acknowledgements20AbstractJanuary 1, 2007 listed companies since the first implementation of the Enterprise Accounting Standards - Non-monetary assets, the asset swap on the recorded value of assets for the recognition and disclosure provis
6、ions made more comprehensive. However, the specific implementation in the enterprise, there has been inadequate definition of related concepts, measurement standards and obscure. Non-monetary assets due to exchange, for the measurement of assets recorded value is the key to the accounting treatment.
7、 This measurement model of listed companies on the recorded value of the assets and profit and loss impact analysis to understand the recorded value of the assets received ambiguous status of measurement standards, through the comparison between Chinese and foreign standards, points out the existenc
8、e of the fair value guidelines the limitations of incomplete applications, and a complete set of guidelines for measuring and improving the balance of the assets of the economic environment to enable enterprises to more accurately confirm the recorded value of the assets.【Key words】Non-monetary asse
9、ts;The assets;fair value 中文摘要 本文对上市公司计量模式关于换入资产入账价值及当期损益的影响的分析,了解了我国换入资产入账价值计量标准模糊的现状,通过中外准则的相互对比,指出了我国准则中存在的公允价值应用不完善的局限,并提出完善我国换入资产计量准则和改善我国换入资产的经济环境,以使企业更加准确的确认换入资产的入账价值。【关键字】非货币性资产,换入资产,公允价值IntroductionIn a market economy, with the rapid development of Chinas securities market and changing the w
10、ay of business, more and more non-monetary transactions developed, they are through the exchange of non-monetary assets to meet their business needs.Exchange with non-monetary assets reflected in the behavior of mutual transfer.But for the determination of the value of assets has been recorded in th
11、e change and how to determine more effective for the recorded value of assets is important, thus inhibiting the operation profits, reducing the fair value of the arbitrary manipulation. Based on this, the discussion about China accounting standards and international accounting standards on the recor
12、ded value of the swap-in asset proof Chinas listed companies for the case of measurement of assets. Finally, the paper highlighted the suggestions about how to improve and strengthen the measurement of swap-in asset, further improve the professional knowledge of employees, and strengthen the recorde
13、d value of swap-in assets for the audit and supervision. So that the exchange of non-monetary assets become more perfect, and the guidance for non-monetary assets recorded value of swap-in assets become more accurate.1 The Basic Concepts of Non-monetary Exchange 1.1 Non-monetary transactionNon-monet
14、ary assets is the key parties to the transaction to inventory, fixed assets, intangible assets and long-term equity investments and other non-monetary exchange of assets. The exchange does not involve, or involves only a small amount of monetary assets (premium).Monetary assets is a kind of asset th
15、at an enterprise will be charged assets with fixed or determinable amount of money, including cash, bank deposits, accounts receivable and notes receivable and bonds held to maturity investments.Non-monetary assets, means any assets other than monetary assets.Sometimes non-monetary transactions may
16、involve a small amount of monetary assets. It does not mean that non-monetary transactions do not involve any monetary assets. If only involved a small amount of monetary assets, they are still a non-monetary assets exchanged. If the payment of monetary assets accounted for the proportion of the fai
17、r value of assets (or the total fair value of the assets surrendered and payment of monetary assets and the ratio) less than 25% (including 25%), are regarded as non-monetary transactions; If this ratio exceeds 25% (excluding 25%), are regarded as monetary transactions.1.2 The type of non-monetary e
18、xchangeExchange with non-monetary assets will be reflected in the behavior of mutual sale. Various types of transactions are carried out by enterprises in the produce process, according to the nature of transactions can be divided into reciprocal transfer and non-reciprocal transfer. Reciprocal tran
19、sfer, is a business and another exchange between enterprises, the result is the enterprise in exchange for the assets at the expense of the assets .Non-reciprocal transfer is one-way transfer of assets from a business sale to its owner or other enterprise, or by the owner or other business transfer
20、to the enterprise. Talking about here refers only to non-monetary transactions of non-monetary assets, which is the reciprocal transfer. Non-reciprocal transfer of the transaction does not have commercial substance,it is not included in the non-monetary transactions.1.3 The theoretical basis of meas
21、urement of non-monetary transactionGuidelines distinguish between non-monetary transactions of similar and different asset classes, and take the measure of book value and fair value respectively, which published in 1998;The criterion for non-monetary transactions was revised in2001, and it only take
22、s measure of book value. New standard of non-monetary assets is consistent with the old one in the standard of the definition of non-monetary assets and determine matters of non-monetary asset exchange .The main difference is the introduction of new guidelines for the fair value are regarded as the
23、basic measurement of the recorded value of swap-in assets, and the exchange of non-monetary assets gains and losses recognized in different ways. The book value of swap-out assets was regarded as recorded value of the swap-in assets in the old criteria. The new standard requires non-monetary transac
24、tions are satisfied the follows: if the transaction is commercial in nature and in or swapped-in or out for at least one of the two assets can be reliably measured the fair value, the fair value of the assets as the recorded value of swap-in assets. If it does not meet two conditions, the book value
25、 of swap-out assets regarded as recorded value of the swap-in assets.2 Comparison of non-monetary transaction2.1 The analysis of Chinas accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assetsChinas current accounting standards is officially launched the non-monetary assets of 38 new a
26、ccounting standard by Ministry of Finance on February 5, 2006 that requires implementation of the listed company since January 1, 2007. Under the new guidelines, non-monetary assets in different conditions, were used to measure the fair value or book value, and different ways of measuring the cost o
27、f the assets decide non-monetary asset exchange gains and losses recognized in different ways.If the transaction is commercial in nature and in or swapped-in or out for at least one of the two assets can be reliably measured the fair value, the change should be measured based on the fair value of as
28、sets and related taxes to be paid, The difference between the fair value and book value of assets surrendered into profit or loss. If the exchange does not meet the above two conditions,the change should be measured based on the fair value of assets and related taxes to be paid, and it does not reco
29、gnize gain or loss .1fair value2 The difference between the fair value and book value of assets surrendered into profit or loss.(1)is commercial in nature(2) Can be reliably measured at fair valueAbove can be expressed as figure 1:Recorded value of the assetsN1 at book value2 does not recognize gain
30、 or lossY figure1In the fair value mode, no matter how much the book value of swap-out assets, as long as the fair value of swap-out and in assets can keep unchanged, and the recorded value which measured by fair value held constant, thus it can better reflect the real value of the assets. In the bo
31、ok value method of Old standards and new standards, because of the depreciation policy or provision for impairment of preparing for a different make changes in book value of assets, and the recognized recorded value of swap-in assets along with the change, which is obviously do not match the actual
32、situation.2.2 The analysis of international accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assetsSo far, Very few countries and regions have the special provisions of non-monetary exchange, and International Accounting Standards Board also States Accounting Principles Board (APB) an
33、d the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) make more mature and more clear rules in non-monetary transactions.U.S. GAAP to non-monetary transactions in the specification focused on Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 29 - Accounting for Non-monetary Transactions and interpretation of
34、 Financial Accounting Standards Board No. 30 - forced conversion of non-monetary assets the monetary assets of the accounting treatment. The U.S. Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 29 - Accounting for Non-monetary Transactions (APB29) to define non-monetary transactions involve little or no mon
35、etary assets or liabilities related to non-monetary exchange and non-reciprocal transfer .U.S. standards require that: To different categories of non-monetary assets, not covered by the premium, the recorded value of the swap-in assets in exchange for the fair value of the swap-out assets to measure
36、, and the difference between the swap-out assets book value and fair value is recognized in profit or loss. If you need to pay a premium, in exchange for the fair value of swap-out assets plus the amount of premium as the recorded value of the swap-in assets, and the difference between the fair valu
37、e of swap-out assets and book value is recognized in profit or loss. When there is a premium charge, in exchange for the difference between the fair value of swap-out assets and the value after charged the premium as the recorded value of the swap-in assets, and the difference between the swap-out a
38、ssets book value and fair value is recognized in profit or loss.Our guidelines provide: When enterprises in non-monetary transactions, they should in exchange for the book value of swap-out assets plus related taxes as the recorded value of the swap-in assets. When there is a premium charge,if they
39、pay the premium, they should regard book value of swap-out assets and premium plus the related taxes to be paid as the recorded value of swap-in assets; if they receive the premium, they should recorded by the following formula to determine the value of assets and income should be recognized:recorde
40、d value of the swap-in assets =book value of swap-out assets-(premium/fair value of swap-out assets)book value of swap-out assets+ taxes payableprofit should be recognized=premium-(premium/ fair value of swap-out assets)book value of swap-out assetsIf exchange several assets at the same time, the as
41、sets should be record the proportion of fair value of assets and the total, and allot the total book value of swap-out assets and the relevant payable taxes ,to determine the book value of assets.This shows that, the U.S. has priority to regard the fair value of swap-out assets as the recorded value
42、 of swap-in assets. What the theory base of U.S. standards is that since the earning process of different types of non-monetary transactions over, it should use the same currency denominated transactions, which means that the recorded value of the swap-in assets should be calculated in the value of
43、the swap-out assets, because the monetary transaction value is based on valuation of assets sold, the different types of non-monetary transactions should also be in accordance with the rule that the value of swap-in assets be calculated in the fair value of swap-out assets. However, the criteria in
44、our country to some extent in order to plug the loopholes that the listed companies use non-monetary transactions to make false report forms and profit. In these circumstances,the book value of assets are not in accordance with the fair value is a common phenomenon, if use the book value as a valuat
45、ion basis, obviously can not truly reflect the financial situation. Especially when the fair value of the swap-out assets less than its book value, if book value is still higher as the recorded basis for accounting of swap-in assets, and does not confirm the difference between the swap-out assets bo
46、ok value and fair value, then it will lead to overestimation of corporate assets. Treat like this, it obviously violate the principle of prudence of accounting. If when the fair value is less than book value, the assets still record in book value, the account is large and the assets is actually litt
47、le, although the assets are overestimated in Non-monetary transactions, assets will be impaired when they evaluate assets again late, thus lead to the enterprise assets in peaks and valleys in the short term, and it is not in line with the accounting principle of consistency.3 The accounting treatment of Chinas non-monetary transactions-case studyBoth in principle-oriented criteria for non-monetary assets and rules-oriented criteria for non-monetary assets, listed companies may manipulate profits.Chifeng Fulong Thermal Power Corporation Board of Directors considered and approved the motion
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