跨文化交际背景下的中英文禁忌语对比研究---毕业论文.doc
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1、【标题】跨文化交际背景下的中英文禁忌语对比研究 【作者】谢玲铃 【关键词】比较;英国禁忌语;中国禁忌语;跨文化交际 【指导老师】王 露 【专业】英语 【正文】I. IntroductionIn China,“入境而问禁;入国而问俗;入门而问讳” 1 have been a norm of behavior for thousands of yearsSimilarly, in west,“when in Rome,do as the Romans do”is also the norm of westernFor the purpose of successful intercultural
2、communication, both east and west people all emphasize on the studying the knowledge of taboos. And linguistic taboo exists universally in almost all of the languages and culturesThe violation of linguistic taboo is regarded impolite and offensive,but people from different cultures do not all agree
3、on what are linguistic taboos and what should be tabooedEven taboo in the same thing may have different implications,since people from different cultures have established different social customs and cultural orientationsIn intercultural communication,they may interpret each others speech and behavi
4、or in accordance with their own beliefs and values and adopt different politeness strategies to achieve their goalsAt the same time,with the development of transportation, information technology and the globalization of economy, communication between people from different cultures are increasingly f
5、requent and extensiveIn this process,people are increasingly conscious of the existence of cultural diversity, and they gradually notice that differences produce great barriers to social or intercultural communication.Human tolerance and desire for communication do help to reduce these differences a
6、nd enhance mutual understanding but there are still some aspects such as some taboos that are beyond peoples acceptability because of its sensitiveness,misunderstanding,unhappiness,conflict or even disastrous consequences may occur due to the violation of certain taboosConsidering what have been men
7、tioned above, when intercultural communication occurs more frequently and more extensively, a systematic study of linguistic taboos in intercultural communication becomes an imperativeMastering taboos knowledge in Chinese and English helps to cultivate intercultural competenceIt is particular conduc
8、ive to the management of interpersonal and intercultural conflicts,and enables people to produce harmonious relationshipsAs James Thurber has said in The East and The West,“Precision of communication is important, more than ever, in an era of hair-trigger balances when a false or misunderstood word
9、may create as much a disaster as a sudden thoughtless act”2II. Literature ReviewA. The Definitions and Features of TabooOxford English Dictionary defines taboo as:words likely to be considered offensive, shocking or indecent by certain people(though not necessarily by everyone)In Chinese taboo is re
10、garded as the indelicate or dirty wordTaboo is explained by the Modern Chinese Dictionary as the prohibited words or actions. According to modern linguists Robinett,taboo is a principle or criterion erected by society, which can prevent people from bad actionAs Wardhaugh states:“taboo is one way in
11、which a society expresses its disapproval of certain kinds of behavior believed to be harmful to its members,either for supernatural reasons or because such behavior is held to violate a moral code”. Generally speaking, taboo has about it a sense of something unapproachable,and it is principally exp
12、ressed in prohibitions and restrictionsLinguistic taboo,as a common social cultural phenomenon in both east and west, exists objectivelyIt has three features as below1. TemporalityWith the development of the society, some linguistic taboos changed and some disappeared or lost their original meaningI
13、n the Qing dynasty the poet Xu Jun(徐骏)was killed because his poem had“Qing清”in his poem“清风不识字,何事乱翻书”But he wouldnt be killed in other dynastiesThe poem“清明时节雨纷纷”is widely loved before Qing dynastyIn English, the word“women” was once a taboo in Victorian Age,It meant mistress and adultery wifeBut now,
14、 it lost its original meaning and became a common word2. EthnocentricityEvery ethnic group has its own cultural patternLinguistic taboo,as an ethnic phenomenon, is influenced by the economy, social structure and belief of the whole groupTake age as an exampleChinese people dont care about old ageSom
15、etimes, we especially call someone“Zhang Lao张老”,“Wang Lao王老”,for respectBut this is totally unacceptable in English-speaking countriesIn their opinion,“old老”means useless,and people will feel offended if they are described to be oldSo women keep their age secret in the English-speaking countries and
16、 seldom talk about age3. Context-reliabilityThe usage of taboos is limited by the social conditions and the psychological factorsThe context confines the usage of the taboosIn formal situations like social gatherings and banquets,people will pay more attention to taboos,which can be used in private
17、situationsA lot of Chinese taboos are confined by the special contexts.For example,“帆(Fan, has the same pronunciation with overturn)”. In English,“nigger”is a discriminative wordThe African-American can use it and it will not cause serious consequencesBut if other ethnic groups use it, serious confl
18、icts will be causedB. The Definition and Features of Intercultural CommunicationAccording to Asante,in its most general sense, intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another cultureMore precisely, intercultural communication
19、is a communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. 3Frequently the term intercultural communication is used when referring to communication between people of different cultural backgroundsFor instance, if one talks wi
20、th his or her American teacher, intercultural communication takes placeIf he or she interacts with a Japanese student, there is intercultural communicationIt includes international communication, interracial communication, inter-ethnic communication, inter-regional communication and so on.1. Univers
21、alityNo nation, group,or culture can remain aloof or autonomousIf you touch one part of the world,you touch other partsPeople communicate with others from other cultures in one way or another, especially in nowadays when the world has become a global villageIntercultural communication exists everywh
22、ere and all the time in our daily livesNo one can shut it off and live totally alone2. ChangeabilityIntercultural communication is not newWandering nomads,religious missionaries,and conquering warriors encountered people different from themselves since the beginning of timesWith the development of t
23、he new technology and information systems,changes in the worlds population and a shift in the worlds economic area, the intercultural communication has become more and more axiomatic and pervasiveThe concrete way of intercultural communication today is greatly different that in the pastIts dynamicSo
24、 we should face it in a flexible and dynamic way rather that in a static way3. RelativityIntercultural communication is an integrated process rather than a single activityAll the components are interrelatedThe change of one aspect will certainly bring about changes in other aspects as wellThe study
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