2019-2020同步外研英语必修三新突破讲义:Module 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar——限制性定语从句 Word版含答案.pdf
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1、Section Grammar限制性定语 从句 限制性定语 从句 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. 3.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. 4.Mencius believed that the reas
2、on why man is different from animals is that man is good. 5.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. 6.As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. 1.3、5 句中黑体部分的引导词是关系代 词,分别在定语从句中充当定语、主语。 2.1、2、4、6 句中黑体部分的引导词是 关系副词,分别在定语从句中充当地点、 时间、原因、地点状
3、语。 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词 叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,由关系代词或关系副词引出。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句,若去掉,被 修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,书写 时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开,起补充说明 作用,如果省去,意思仍然完整。 一、关系代词的用法 关系代词指代在从句中充当的成分 人物句子主语宾语表语定语状语 who whom that which whose as 1
4、.that 和 which 的用法 which 指物, that 既可指人也可指物 ; 它们在从句中作主语、 宾语或表语, which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in. 请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。 This is the house (which/that) we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer. 我们
5、刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me. 我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。 名师点津 先行词是 all,little,few,none,anything,something, everything,nothing 等词时 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序 数词修饰时 当先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the right 等修饰 时
6、只 能 用 that 而 不 用 which 的情况 当先行词既有人又有物时 只用 which 的情况关系代词前有介词时,一般用 which,而不用 that He is the very person that they are looking for. 他正是他们在找的人。 They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school. 他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skills upon
7、which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 2who 和 whom 的用法 who 和 whom 指人,who 在从句中可作主语和宾语,whom 在从句中作宾语。 He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths. 快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。 3whose 的用法 who
8、se 既可指人也可指物,在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose名词”可以 转化为“the名词of which/whom” 和“of which/whomthe名词”的形式。 I live next door to a couple whose children(the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。 Please pass me the book whose cover(the cover of which)is green. 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 4as 的用法 as 引导限制性定
9、语从句仅限于先行词前面有 such,the same 等修饰时,as 既 可指人又可指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。 She is such a nice girl as we all like. 她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 She is such a nice girl that we all like her. 她是一个如此好的女孩以至于我们都很喜欢她。 I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed. 我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典) I met the same person that I saw yesterday
10、. 我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人) 即时演练 1 单句语法填空 Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year. The professor who/that/whom you wish to see has gone abroad. This is the woman scientist whose research is known around the world. 二、关系副词的用法 关系副词指代先行词 在从句中充当 的成分 when(介词which)
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