2019-2020英语必修四讲义:Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——直接引语和间接引语 含答案.pdf
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1、Section Grammar直接引语和间接 引语 直接引语和间接 引语 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 He said to me, “You are wrong.” He told me that I was wrong. “ Are you a soldier? ”he asked. He asked if/whether I was a soldier. He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John? ” He asked John where he was going to get off. “ Make sure th
2、e door is closed,” the teacher said to me. The teacher told me to make sure the door was closed. “ I will come and see you again this evening,Tom, ”she said. She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening. “I will come here again today, ”she said. She said that shed go there again tha
3、t day. 1.若直接引语为陈述句,变为间接引 语时, 要用连词 that 来引导宾语从句 ; 直接引语中的人称、时态等都要作相 应的变化,如句。 2.若直接引语为一般疑问句,变为间 接引语时,要用连词 if 或 whether 来 引导宾语从句;同时,要将疑问句语 序变为陈述句语序,如句。 3.若直接引语为特殊疑问句,变为间 接引语时,需用原来的疑问词来引导 宾语从句;同时,要将疑问句语序变 为陈述句语序,如句。 4.若直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引 语时, 需改用 “动词宾语不定式” 结构, 其中的动词通常是表示 “命令、 建议、请求”的动词,如句。 5.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词 和
4、动词要作相应变化,如句。 6.直接引语变间接引语时,地点状语 和时间状语要作相应变化,如句。 一、基本概念 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语” 。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出, 叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号的叫作间接引语。 直接引语变为间接引语时,需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、 时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面作相应的变化。 “I like singing, ”she said.(直接引语) She said she liked singing.(间接引语) 她说她喜欢唱歌。 “Dont touch anything, ”he said.(直接引语) He
5、told us not to touch anything.(间接引语) 他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换 1引述陈述句时,用连词 that 引导(that 在口语中常被省略。),引述动词主要 用 say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think 等。 He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 He said, “Ive left my book in your room.”
6、He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。 2引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时,通常用 whether 或 if 引导,而引述选择 疑问句时,一般只能用 whether 引导,引述动词用 asked,语序用陈述句语序。 She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV?” She asked me if/whether I liked watching the advertisements on TV. 她问我是否喜欢看电视上的广告。 He aske
7、d, “They live in groups,dont they?” He asked whether/if they lived in groups. 他问他们是否是群居。 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?” He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.他问我是老师还是学生。 巧学助记 一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀” if/whether 接引语,陈述语序莫忘记; 人称、时态和状语,变化需用陈述句。 即时训练 1 句型转换(每空一词) The doctor said, “You shou
8、ld eat more vegetables.” The doctor told me that I should eat more vegetables. He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?” He asked me whether/if I was sure my mother would come. She said, “You have seen the film,havent you?” She asked if/whether I had seen the film. 3引述特殊疑问句时,用原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词
9、,引述动词 用 ask(sb.),语序用陈述句语序。 “Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?”Bill asked. Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad. 比尔问我是在哪儿找到有关到国外工作的广告的。 “What are you doing now?”Mom asked. Mom asked what I was doing then. 妈妈问我当时在做什么。 巧学助记 直接引语为疑问句时,将其变为间接引语要遵循“一改、二换、三变化、四 连词”的原则。 一改:指改变语序; 二
10、换:即换 said 为 asked; 三变化:指人称、时态、状语变化; 四连词:即直接引语为一般疑问句时,间接引语中应用 whether/if 引导;直接 引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。 4引述祈使句通常用“动词宾语不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句, 要在不定式的前面加上 not。引述表示命令的祈使句,常用动词 order,tell,warn ; 引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词 ask,beg;引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动 词 advise 等。 He said, “Please come here again tomorrow.” He asked me to go t
11、here again the next day. 他让我第二天再到那儿去。 He said, “Do have a look yourself first.” He advised me to have a look myself first. 他建议我自己先看一看。 He said, “Dont make so much noise,boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪声。 巧学助记 祈使句变间接引语,遵循“一改、二变、三加、四去”原则: 一改:said(to)改为 asked 或 told; 二
12、变:said to 的宾语变成 asked 等的宾语; 三加:即在动词原形前加 to,使其成为动词不定式; 四去:去掉 please。 即时训练 2 句型转换(每空一词) He asked, “Who cured you of your toothache?” He asked me who had cured me of my toothache. He asked me, “What do you do on weekends?” He asked me what I did on weekends. The teacher said to the boy, “Open the door,
13、please!” The teacher told the boy to open the door. His father said to him, “Dont leave the window open when you are out.” His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out. 三、直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化 1人称的变化 人称变化记忆口诀: “一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新” 一随主:引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。 She said, “Im a senio
14、r partner in a law firm.” She said that she was a senior partner in a law firm. 她说她是律师事务所的资深合伙人。 二随宾:引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。 He said to Lily, “You must make good use of the chance.” He told Lily that she must make good use of the chance. 他对莉莉说必须好好利用这次机会。 第三人称不更新:引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变。 She said to
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