2019-2020英语必修四讲义:Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——被动语态 含答案.pdf
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1、Section Grammar被动语态被动语态 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network in the VR studio. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. To achieve this, special VR headsets are designed to allow the
2、 users to see in 3D and hear the sound all around them. Engineers can enter the design of a neighbourhood into a computer, and then use VR to“ walk” around the neighbourhood,see how it looks and make changes before construction is carried out. Besides this,VR can be used to practise skills in a secu
3、re environment that otherwise would be quite dangerous. However,with VR we are able to do things that could never be achieved in real life. 1.在被动语态的句子 中主语是动作的承受 者。 2.在被动语态的句子 中谓语的基本构成形 式为 : be及物动词的 过去分词。 3.在被动语态的句子 中谓语可以有各种时 态或含有情态动词。 一、基本概念 英语中动词有主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)之分。如果主 语是动作或状态
4、的发出者,动词就用主动语态;如果主语是动作或状态的承受者, 动词就用被动语态。 Our English teacher encouraged Mary. 我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。 Mary was encouraged by our English teacher. 玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。 上 面 第 一 句 中 的 动 词 encouraged 是 主 动 语 态 ; 第 二 句 中 的 动 词 was encouraged 是被动语态。 二、被动语态的基本构成形式 被动语态的基本结构是:“be/get及物动词的过去分词” 。 被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化,以动词 take 为例
5、,其常见时态的被动 形式如下表: 一般现在时 am/is/ are taken 一般过去时 was/ were taken 现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken 现在完成时 have/has been taken 过去完成时 had been taken 一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken The disabled are respected in our country. 残疾人在我们国家受到尊敬。 Toms legs were badly inju
6、red in an accident last year. 在去年的一次事故中,汤姆的双腿严重受伤。 A presentation will be given on the new products. 将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。 Besides,many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats. 此外,大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meetin
7、g room. 当我走进会议室的时候,这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。 Over the years several similar theories have been put forward. 几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。 But to our surprise,the next morning,we were told that the money had been stolen. 但令我们吃惊的是,第二
8、天早上,我们被告知那些钱被偷了。 即时训练 1 用所给词的适当形式填空 I was given(give)a new book on my last birthday. The room had been cleaned(clean)before we came. The physics lesson will be taught (teach)in the lab tomorrow. The flowers are being watered(water)by them now. The giant panda is loved(love)by people throughout the w
9、orld. We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made(make) 三、被动语态的特殊结构形式 1 情态动词(may, might, can, could, should, ought to, must)be过去分词, 构成被动语态。 Nowadays,solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。 A real sense of achievement and happiness ma
10、y be felt.一种真正的成就感和幸福 感可以被感觉到。 The pollution must be stopped. 必须停止污染。 2使役动词和感官动词的被动语态 (1)在使役动词 have,make,get 以及感官动词 see,watch,notice,hear,feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被 动结构时, 要加上 to。 get, leave, cause 等使役动词的宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式, 变为被动语态时该不定式不变。 My father made me stay up late to finish m
11、y homework.(表示主动) I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动) (2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个 宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.他妈妈送给他一份生日 礼物。 3短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉
12、它后面搭配的介词或副词。 It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown. 据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。 The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother. 这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。 Such a strange story has never been heard of. 这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。 即时训练 2 句型转换(每空一词) Teachers can use RealCine in the classroom. RealCine
13、can be used in the classroom by teachers. You neednt do it now. It neednt be done(by you)now. I didnt notice her enter the office. She wasnt noticed to enter the office. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building. My sister gave me a big cake. I was
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