2019-2020英语选修八讲义:Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——常用否定词和否定句 含答案.pdf
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1、Section Grammar常用否定词和否定 句 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 1.Many people do not read them,because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today. 2.They have not disappeared and still have a place in the world. 3.Nobody would bother to make these classic novels into films if they had
2、 nothing to do with contemporary life. 4.Readers may not be able to see the danger,so they need a symbol like the mist to make it clearer to them. 5.He has rigid ideas of what it means to be civil and to be a gentleman,and is embarrassed by Joe because he does not fit these. 后自主感悟 1.所有例句中黑体部分构成句子的否定
3、形式。 2.例句 1 中的黑体部分 do not, 例句 2 中的黑体部分 have not 和例句 5 中的黑体 部分 does not 的构成特点是由助动词加 not 构成否定。 3.例句 4 中的黑体部分 may not 的构成特点是由情态动词加 not 构成否定。 4.例句 1 中的 nothing 和例句 3 中的 Nobody,nothing 本身都表示否定意义。 一、常用否定词 1英语中含否定含义的表达形式多种多样,可以用 not,no,never,none, nobody,nothing,nowhere 等否定词来表达否定之意。 We have not signed any a
4、greement. 我们没有签署任何协议。 They never have time to go to the cinema during the weekdays. 他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。 即时演练 1 选词填空 A smile costs nothing,but gives much.(nothing/something) My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.(no/none) 2可以用 hardly,scarcely,seldom,little
5、,few 等半否定词来表达否定之意。 Now she hardly had strength to open the carriage door. 此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。 Unfortunately,very few people have played in this space. 遗憾的是,目前只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。 即时演练 2 选词填空:hardly/seldom Mr.Smith seldom goes back to his hometown. I had hardly closed my eyes when I remembered I hadnt done my
6、 maths homework. 3可以用含否定意义的前缀 de,dis,il,im,in,ir,non,un,under 等构成的词表达否定之意;也可以用后缀less,free,proof 等构成的词表达否定 之意。 Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely. 目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。 Second,it is also useless to worry about the future. 其次,为未来而担忧也是没有用的。 即时演练 3 写出下列单词的反义词 fairunfair smokernonsmoker like(喜欢)d
7、islike legalillegal 4其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配 : far from,rather than,other than,free from,would rather.than.等。 Your work is far from being satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。 The truth is quite other than what you think. 事实真相同你想的完全不同。 即时演练 4 单句语法填空 Why didnt you ask for help,rather than trying to do it on your own?
8、 Not everybody is a sage(圣贤)Who can be entirely free from error? 二、否定句 1全部否定 no,not,never,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither.nor 结构均表示 完全否定,在汉语中意为“绝对不”,“没有”,“远不(非)”,“一点也不”,“根本 不”,“无论如何也没有”等。 None of my friends smokes. 我的朋友都不吸烟。 The book is nowhere to be found. 那本书哪儿也找不到。 即时演练 5 完成句子 没有什么比健康更重要的了。 N
9、othing is more important than health. 没人同意这个周末去爬山。 Nobody/No one agrees to climb up the mountain this weekend. 2部分否定 英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词,当用于否定句中时,只否 定一部分,而不是完全否定。如 all,everybody (everyone),everything,anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, both, entirely, altogether 等词与 no
10、t 连用时,在汉语中译为“不全是”,“不都是”,“并非全都 是”,“不总是”等。 He is not absolutely wrong.他并不完全错。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物,并非尽黄金。 即时演练 6 句型转换 Some young people like rock music. Not all young people like rock music. One of the two boys is from America. Both of the boys are not from America. 3双重否定 双重否定,意义肯定:指同一
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