2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2讲及训练题含解析.pdf
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1、2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2 讲及训练题含解析 1 第 2 讲北京东城一模阅读理解CD篇 1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。 2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。 3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。 C篇 知识篇 “巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能 够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。 亲爱的同学 , 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗? 高频词 (课前检
2、测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的 为差。) 单词 / 短语词性词义拓展掌握情况 优良差 normal adj. 正常的 different adj. 不同的 describe v. 描述 frightened adj. 害怕的v. frighten terrible adj. 可怕的,很糟 的 decide v. 决定 rude adj. 粗鲁的,无理 的 change v. 改变 completely adv. 完全的adj. complete excellent adj. 极好的 exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 popul
3、ar adj. 受欢迎的 discussion n. 讨论v. discuss look forward 期待,盼望 2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2 讲及训练题含解析 2 to 长难句 (课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良 , 不会翻译的为 差。 ) 1. I wont describe what I look like.(优良差) _ 句意:我不想描述我长什么样子。 本句为宾语从句,what I look like作 describe的宾语,要注意翻译时的语序。 2. It tells an exciting story that
4、makes you feel many different emotions.(优良差) _ 句意:这本书讲述了一个会使你感觉到许多不同情感的令人兴奋的故事。 本句为定语从句,由that引导的从句修饰先行词story. 初中阅读中会遇到大量的定语从句,翻译是要注意语序, 同时它也是高中英语的语法重点。 方法篇 “方法得当 , 事半功倍。 ”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够 帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学 , 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少?
5、一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一 步 快速浏览全文,了解文章 大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子:每段的开头和结尾,重要的情节 句子,如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子,可 以根据上下文猜测,切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二 步 浏览问题,明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白,这样又能辅助进一步理解 文章的主要内容,具体做题时就能对号入座,找到文章中 确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三 步 通篇寻读,确定段落。也就是带着问题去读,找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意 群,以及任何有关答题的信息,用铅笔画下来,以便为下 一步答题做好充分准备。 第四 步 逐条分析,对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息
6、逐条分析,对号入 座。一般来说, 出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到 下顺序设计的,根据难度先解决容易的,最后解决深层次 的理解题。 第五 步 复读全文,验证答案。全部题目做完后,必须再仔细阅读一遍全文,进一步加深 对文章理解,核实所选答案是否正确。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2 讲及训练题含解析 3 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型,分别是细节理解题,推理判断题,猜测词义题和主旨大意题。 接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义,设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。 题型题型一:细节理解题 解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的
7、理解能力。问 题包括询问人(who) 、物( what) 、时间( when) 、地点( where) 、原因( cause ) 、结果 ( effect) 、文中的数据(data )等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。 设题 方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)? 解题 技巧 1. 细心审题,直接就
8、题找答案 2. 变通理解,间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳,综合事实找答案 典题 精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: T
9、ake a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don t be surprised if you feel awkward(别扭的). If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题,直接就题找答案 浏览题干,确定关键短语为cut up pot
10、atoes with their left hand,浏览段落,确定 关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don t be surprised if you feel awkward (别扭的) . “如果你是一个习惯用右手的人,用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到 别扭并不让人惊讶。”,根据句意即可推断出正确答案,故选C。 题型题型二:推理判断题 解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力,即
11、要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判 断。此类题目难度大,涉及面广,如人物的性格、心理,故事的结局、寓意,文章的出 处、体裁,作者的倾向、态度等。 设题 方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_. 2. From the text we know that _. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _. 2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2 讲及训练题含解析 4 解题 技巧 1. 通过文章陈
12、述的事实进行推断 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言进行推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题 精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also
13、 tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up
14、 stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks
15、about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言进行 推断 题干意为 “作者谈论Syal 和 Perry 的例子的目的是什么?”。两个段
16、落很长, 我们首先 要精读段落,抓住两个人物的态度,第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“ Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发 展了她的思想” , 第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely. 意为“他变得积极,因为他能够自由思考”,由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊 可以发展创造力, ” ,故选 D 。 题型题型三:词义猜测题 解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分,是考查对文
17、中关键词语的理解。而且, 所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据文中语境来判断。 设题 方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _. 2. The word “” most likely means _. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2 讲及训练题含解析 5 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4.
18、通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题 精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does
19、 the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段,会发现本段中存在转折连词while “然而”,while后的句意为“无聊能给他 们发展创造力的机会”,所以 while之前的句意应该与之相反,进一步推测词义。A 意为 “ (使)慢下来” ,B意为“跟上” ,C意为“超出” ,D 意为“引起,导致” ,故选 A。 题型题型四:主旨大意题 解释考查学生对
20、文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题 方式 1. 问标题: What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _. 2. 问中心: The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _. 3. 问目的,态度:The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _. 解题 技巧 1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头,抓住主旨段或
21、主旨句 2. 浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提,处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题 精析 In the past,people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted
22、 that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on 2019年北京中考英语二轮复习阅读理解第2 讲及训练题含解析 6 left
23、-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意,要首先锁定第二段的关键词but ,but 之前的关键词in the past和 it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是 奇怪的, but 之后的关键词these days和 have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了 惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判 定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.,故选 D。 浏览问题 (抓住题干及选
24、项中的关键词,以便有目的性的通读文章) 题号题干及选项 1 How is Auggie different from other boys?(细节理解题) A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal. C. He doesnt go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox. 2 Why doesn t Auggie want to go to school at first?(细节理解题) A. Because he has to stay in hospital. B. Be
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