初中英语语法之非谓语动词.doc
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1、初中英语语法之非谓语动词非谓语动词1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。2.动词不定式:to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)1 一般式:主动语态:to do , 被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 进行式:主动语态:to be doing , 被动语态:无(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3 完成
2、式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4 用法:A. 作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language .B. 作表语:The most important thing is to finish the work on time .C. 作宾语:a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, wa
3、nt, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford )b. 动词+疑问词+to do I dont know where to put the bike .c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .D. 作补语:a. 动词+宾语+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, al
4、low, encourage)b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let)E. 作状语:a. 表示目的:He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果:He is too tired to walk any farther . They arent old enough to go to school .
5、c. 表示原因:He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F.作定语:I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5 动词不定式to 的省略:A. 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。I often saw him go out of the room .- He was often seen to go out of the roo
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