2015高考英语热点题型专题专题08动词的时态与语态.pdf
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1、【高频考点解读】 从历年高考试题看,涉及时态和语态的题目最多,且每年题目数量相对稳定。测试重点主要是以下几 个方面: 1注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别,如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时 (过去时 )与现在 (过去 ) 进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系,正确理解时间概念,如是现在、过去还是将来,是时 间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。 2遵循 “ 情景立意 ” 和“ 能力立意 ” 的原则,考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语 境,摸清命题人的意图,善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息,克服汉语式的惯性思维。 3把语态与时态结合在一起,进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成,
2、仍是高考命题的热点 之一,而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽,试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系,分 清是主动还是被动。 4考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高,且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。 【热点题型】 题型一考查几种易混时态 例 1、 (2013四川, 3)Hurry up, kids! The school bus _ for us! 来源 学科网 ZXXK A waits Bwas waiting C waited Dis waiting 【提分秘籍】高考常考的几种易混时态的辨析 1一般现在时与现在进行时 (1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作,常
3、伴随使用usually,often,seldom 等频度副词;现在进 行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟now,at present等时间状语。 He usually writes a lot of letters ,but he isnt writing at present. 他经常写许多信,但他现在没在写。 (2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时,要用一般现在时,不能用现在进行时。 The Earth goes around the Sun. 来源 学科 网 Z|X|X|K 地球绕着太阳转。 2一般过去时与过去进行时 (1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某
4、一阶段正在进行的动作。 I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完 )。 I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了 )。 (2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作,过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。 Did he ask questions? 他提问题了吗? He was asking questions all the time. 他始终在提问题。 (3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实), 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时 间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或
5、展开的情景)。 He drew a picture yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。 He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画,没干别的事)。 (4)过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,一般过去时表示当时临时发生的短暂性动作。 When I was pouring the tea ,I dropped a cup. 我在倒茶的时候,失手打了一个茶杯。 (2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间,可与so far,up to
6、 now, lately,ever since 等 表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用,但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用;一般过去时表示的是过去某一特 定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。 I havent seen the film yet. 我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止 )。 I saw the film the day before yesterday. 我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天)。 4过去完成时与一般过去时 (1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用;即使没有时间状语,根据具体的语言环境,我们也可以 作出明确的判断。 (2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态,表示在过去某时刻之前
7、发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同,一般 过去时是对现在说话时刻而言,过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的,即“ 过去的过去 ” 。 5一般将来时与将来进行时 一般将来时表示对“ 现在时刻 ” 来说, 将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态;而将来进行时表示将来的某一 时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year. 她十六岁,明年将十七岁。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢? 6现在完成时与现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成时侧重结果,
8、强调动作到现在为止已经结束;现在完成进行时侧重动作本身,不涉及后果, 动作可能仍在继续。如: I have read the book.(已读完 ) I have been reading the book.(仍在继续 ) (2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如: Have you been meeting her lately ?(经常相见 ) Have you met her lately ?(不重复发生 ) 来源 学 科 网 Z,X,X,K (3)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩;而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影 响或结果,平铺直叙,没
9、有什么感情色彩可言。如: Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.( 显然是在表扬玛丽) Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.( 只说明一个事实) 【举一反三】 (2013 安徽, 24)Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? A advertised B had advertised C are advertising Dwilladvertis
10、 e 【热点题型】 题型二被动语态 例 2、 Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. Aget paidBgot paid Chave paidDhad been paid 【提分秘籍】 1被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的,而被动语态则是有 标记的。被动语态由“ 助动词 be过去分词 ” 构成。助动词be 随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变 化。 2.主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况 (1)英语中有很多动词,如break,cat
11、ch,clean,drive,look,open,sell, read,write,wash 等,当它 们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物;在这种情况下, 常常和 easily,well 等副词连用。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。 The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。 This material wont wear. 这种材料不耐穿。 The machine runs well. 这种机器运转良好。 特别提醒:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的
12、影响。 (2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel,sound, taste,look 等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,无被动形式。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来合理。 (3)在 need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、 worth 等形容词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动 意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这所房子需要修理。 (4)在某些 “ 主语 (人/物)be形容词不定式” 中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,
13、 easy, fit ,hard,difficult ,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting 等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难计算出。(可看作 to work out 省略了 for me) (5)be to rent/blame/let 也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为这个错误接受谴责? The houses are to let. 这些房子有待出租。 (6)介词 in, on,under 等名词构成介词短语表被动意义。
14、 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之意,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式, 名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有:under control 受控制; under treatment 在治疗中; under repair 在修理中; under discussion 在讨论中; under construction 在施工中; beyond belief 令人难以置信;beyond ones reach鞭 长莫及; beyond ones control 无法控制; beyond our hope 我们始料不及;for sale 出售; for rent 出租; in print 在印
15、刷中; in sight 在视野范围内;on sale出售; on show 展出; on trial 受审; out of control 控制 不了; out of sight 超出视线; out of ones reach 够不着; out of fashion 不流行。如: The rumor is beyond belief( cant be believed) 那个谣言令人难以置信。 Today some treasures are on show( are being shown)in the museum. 今天一些珍宝正在博物馆展出。 【举一反三】 Unless extra
16、money_, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 【热点题型】 题型三固定句型中的固定时态 例 3、Peter had intended to take a job in business,but that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2013. A had abandoned Babandoned C abandonDwill abandon 【提分秘籍】 在某些固定句型里往往有固定的时态要求,请体会下列句子中时态的运用:
17、 1This/It is the first/second. time I have done sth. That/It was the first/second. time I had done sth. 2It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad. 3I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 4Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 5No sooner had I g
18、ot home than the telephone rang. 6It wont be long before he comes back./It wasnt long before he came back. 7I didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again. 8祈使句 and(or/or else/otherwise)并列分句 (并列分句中谓语动词多用一般将来时) 【举一反三】 I think Tom ,as the head of a big department, should either study
19、regularly or his job. A quitsBto quit C quittingDquit 【高考风向标】 1.(2014 安徽卷) 23The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground. A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished 2.(2014 北京卷) 22. -Hi, let s go skating. - Sorry, I m busy right now. I _ in an appli
20、cation form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 3.(2014 北京卷) 23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. A. by B. in C. for D. until 4.(2014 北京卷) 31.- What time is it? - I have no idea. But just a minute, I _ it for you. A. check B. che
21、cked C. will check D. would check 5.(2014 北京卷) 32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived. A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started 6.(2014 大纲卷) 22. Unless extra money_, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 7.(2014 大纲卷) 32. The re
22、ports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 8.(2014 福建卷) 23.Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying 9.(2014 湖南卷) 28. Since the time h
23、umankind started gardening, we _to make our environment more beautiful. A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try 10.(2014 湖南卷) 34. Whenever you , a present, you should think about it from the receiver s point of view. A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy 11.(2014 江苏卷) 23.How much
24、do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well, the media _ _it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 12.(2014 江西卷) 24.-Tony , why are your eyes red ? -I _ up peppers for the last five minutes . A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been c
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