2018年MBA英语真题及答案.pdf
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1、1 / 15 2018 年 MBA 英语真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best wordVw7vQEWmyq Text1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparen
2、tly managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position w
3、as just taking up too much time, she said. Vw7vQEWmyq Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. I
4、f the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. Vw7vQEWmyq The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Th
5、en they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise ” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability
6、that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class- action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving
7、 and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. Vw7vQEWmyq But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier
8、time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside
9、directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus. Vw7vQEWmyq 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . Vw7vQEWmyq Againing excessive profits Bfailing to fulfill her duty Crefusing to make compromises Dleaving the board in tough times 4 / 15 22.
10、 We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be. Vw7vQEWmyq Agenerous investors Bunbiased executives Cshare price forecasters Dindependent advisers 23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to .Vw7vQEW
11、myq Abecome more stable Breport increased earnings Cdo less well in the stock market Dperform worse in lawsuits 24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .Vw7vQEWmyq Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firm Vw7vQEWmyq Bhave often had records of wrongdoings in the
12、 firm Vw7vQEWmyq Care accustomed to stress-free work in the firm Dwill decline incentives from the firm 25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .Vw7vQEWmyq Apermissive Bpositive Cscornful Dcritical Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed
13、 near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save 5 / 15 newspapers. Should they
14、become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. Vw7vQEWmyq In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inh
15、abit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.Vw7vQEWmyq It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American
16、 Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pu
17、shed further. Vw7vQEWmyq Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization f
18、or Economic Cooperation in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.Vw7vQEWmyq A “southern ” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians interveni
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