高考英语二轮复习课件:专题9 数词和主谓一致.ppt
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1、专题九 数词和主谓一致,一、数词 1基数词的结构特点: (1)在表达上十位和个位之间要加连字符“”。 (2)在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。 (3)千位以上的数从后向前数,每三位加一个逗号。 (4)hundred,thousand,million 等前面有具体数字或 some,several 等修饰时,后面不加“s”;但当其后跟 of 短语时,要用复数形式。,2序数词的结构特点: (1)序数词第119除了 first,second 和 third 外,其余的大部分都是由基数词后加“th”构成。 (2)十位数序数词如果含有19的个位数时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,并且中间用连字符连接。
2、 (3)百、千、万等的序数词由 hundred,thousand,million 等后加th 构成。 (4)序数词前一般要加 the 表示顺序。,3分数、小数、百分数的读法和写法 (1)分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子大于一时,分母用复数;但要注意整数和分数之间必须用 and 连接。25,6 表示为 two and five sixths。 (2)在读小数时,小数点后面的数字要单独读出。小数点读成 point。 (3)百分数用“基数词percent”表示,要注意 percent 不能用复数形式。,特别提醒:1/2一般用 a/one half 表示。 1/4一般用 a/one qu
3、arter 表示。,4表达倍数关系的句式 (1)主语A谓语倍数程度as形容词或副词原级as比较对象B。 (2)主语A谓语倍数程度the度量名词of比较对象B。 (3)主语A谓语倍数程度what从句。 (4)主语A谓语倍数程度形容词或副词的比较级than比较对象B。 (5)主语A谓语形容词或副词的比较级than比较对象Bby倍数。,特别提醒:表达倍数时,一倍用 once,两倍用 twice/double,三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词times”表示。,二、主谓一致 (一)主谓一致三原则 1语法一致的原则。即主语是单数,谓语为单数;主语若为复数,谓语亦为复数。例如: He does well in
4、maths. 2意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义,而不是形式,决定谓语的数。例如: The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing. 那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。 3就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如: Either he or I am right.,特别提醒:三个原则虽然不同,但在具体运用中,它们往往是协调的,并不矛盾。例如: More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形式和意义都是复数) 当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生
5、冲突时,一般坚持语法一致的原则。例如: More than one student has passed the driving test.(形式是单数,意义是复数),(二)主谓一致细说 1谓语用单数时的情况 (1)不可数名词做主语时。例如: There is a lot of water in the jar.,特别提醒:不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词,则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如: One million tons of oil were produced last year. (2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。例如: That she will come here
6、tomorrow is certain.,特别提醒:what 从句做主语时,谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较: What they want is nothing but a rest. What he wants are two books. 当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时,谓语动词应用单数。例如: What he said has left us much to think about.,(3)主语是形单意单的词 主语若是单数名词,后面尽管跟有 as well as,with,together with,besides,except,but,includ
7、ing,rather than 等引导的短语,谓语仍用单数。例如: The teacher as well as his students is playing football. In some parts of the world,tea is served with milk or sugar. 主语是 each 或单数主语被 each,every 修饰时。例如: Each of the boys has a pencil box. Here every student is good at drawing.,特别提醒:单数的并列主语被 every,each,no,many a 修饰时,
8、谓语也用单数。例如: Every desk and chair is new. Each teacher and each student has been told to attend the meeting after school.,特别提醒:each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定。例如: They each have finished their exercises. 主语是 either,neither,the other 或主语被 either,neither 修饰时。例如: Either of the answers is correct. Neither answer
9、proves to be correct. every/some/any/nobody/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词做主语时。例如: Nobody is absent.,主语是a kind/sort/type of单数或复数名词时,因为kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词,也是信息的焦点,所以,谓语应与其一致。例:This kind of wheat isnt grown in our country. (4)主语是形复意单的词 以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。例如: The United Nations(联合国) was founded in
10、1945. 以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。例如: Physics is taught in all middle schools. “One and a half复数名词”做主语时。例如: One and a half days is all I can spare.,2谓语用复数时的情况 (1)主语是形单意复的词 people,police 等集合名词做主语时。例如: The police have caught the thieves. “the/these/those形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人,这一结构做主语时。例如:,Those wounded were taken good
11、 care of. “the形容词”还可表示抽象事物,这时应视做单数。例如: The beautiful gives pleasure to people. “the表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民,这一结构做主语时。例如: The Chinese are a brave and hardworking people.,(2)主语是形复意复的词 某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如: Things are getting worse and worse. The surroundings are usually quiet here. “one or two复数名词”做主语时。
12、例如: There are one or two tickets left.,glasses,compasses,trousers 等由两部分连成一体的名词做主语时。例如: My trousers are worn out. 若前面有 pair 等物量词,则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。例如: There is a pair of compasses on the desk. There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.,3谓语用单数或复数均有可能 (1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时,谓语用单数。例如: Ten
13、dollars is what he needs. Twenty kilometres isnt a short distance. 若侧重于一个个的个体,则用复数。例如: Five years have passed since I joined the League.,(2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时,谓语一般用复数。例如: Reading and writing are both very important. Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person. 若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同
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