初中英语8种时态复习及专题练习.pdf
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1、1 初中英语 8 种时态复习 I. 时态详解 一、一般现在时: 概念: 表现在存在的状态;现在经常、反复发生的动作。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构: 主语+be(am,is,are ); 主语+行为动词原型(单三形式主语+ 动 词单三形式) 否定形式: am/is/are+not; (is+not=isn t; are+not=aren t) 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称 单
2、数,则用 doesnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: 把 be动词放于句首 ; 用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does ,同时,还原 行为动词。 二、一般过去时: 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态; 过去习惯性、经常性的动作、 行为。 时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构:
3、主语 +be(was,were); 主语 + 动词过去式 否定形式: was/were+not; (was+not=wasn t; were+not=weren t) 在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:was或 were放于句首 ; 用助动词 did 提问, 同时还原行为动词。 2 三、现在进行时: 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语: now, look, listen, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构: be(am,is,are)+doing 否定形式: be(am,is,are)+not + doin
4、g. 一般疑问句:把 be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时: 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语: at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时 的时间状语等。 基本结构: be(was,were)+doing 否定形式: be(was,were) + not + doing. 一般疑问句:把 was或 were放于句首。 五、现在完成时: 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果; 从过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态(谓语动词必须是延续性动词,常和since,for 连用
5、) 。 时间状语: already, yet, so far, recently, lately, since for ,in the past/last few years, etc. 基本结构: have/has + done 否定形式: have/has + not +done. (have+not=haven t; has+not=hasn t) 一般疑问句: have或 has提到句首。 3 六、过去完成时: 概念: “ 过去的过去 ” 发生的动作;从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作, (谓语动词必须是延续性动词,常和since,for 连用) 。 时间状语: already,
6、yet, since, for, before, by the end of last year(term, month ), by the time,etc. 基本结构: had + done. 否定形式: had + not + done. (had+not=hadn t) 一般疑问句: had放于句首。 七、一般将来时: 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备(be going to )做某事。 时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, in a few minutes, by ,the day after to
7、morrow, etc. 基本结构: be(am,is ,are) going to + do; will/shall + do. 否定形式: be + not + going to + do; will/shall + not + do 。(will+not=won t; shall+not=shant) 一般疑问句: be放于句首 ; will/shall 提到句首。 八、过去将来时: 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语: the next(第二) day(morning, year ),the following month(week ),etc. 基本
8、结构: be(was,were)going to + do; would/should + do. 4 否定形式: be+ not + going to + do; would/should + not + do. (would+not=wouldnt; should+not=shouldnt) 一般疑问句: be放于句首 ; would/should 提到句首。 .几种常见时态的相互转换 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式: 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但 是,可用别的表达方式: 瞬间
9、动词用于 “ 一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中 ;瞬间 动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;瞬间动词用于 “ It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时 ” 的句型中,表示 “ 自从以来有时间” 的意思,主 句一般用 it is 来代替 It has been; 瞬间动词用于 “ Some time has passed since + 一般过去 时” 的句型中。请看: A. He joined(瞬间动词)the League two years ago. B. He has been in (延续动词)the League for two year
10、s. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示 “ 处于某种状态 ” , 如 at work(在工作), at school(上学、 上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. 5 Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在
11、进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示 将要发生的动作。如: I am coming, Mum!意为“ 我就来,妈妈 ! ”请看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 四、“ be going to+动词原形 ” 与“ will(shall)+动词原形 ” 结构的转换 “be going to+ 动词原形 ” 、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+ 动词原形 ” 结构 在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有
12、人称都可以用 will 。请看: We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 专题练习 一过去进行时专练 1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing. 3. What _ you
13、_ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV. 4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He _ (listen) to the radio. 5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him. 6. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom. 7. _ it _(rain) when you left
14、 school? Yes, it _. (No, it _) 8. What _ your father _ (do) when he was your age? 9. One day, Edison _ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track( 轨道) to play. 10. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon. 11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane
15、_ (leave) in five minutes. 12. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month. 13. When the bell rang, Jenny _ (wait) in her seat. 6 14. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon. 15. While my father _ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _ (hear) a cry. 16. I _ (telephone)
16、 a friend when Bob _ (come) in. 17.While mother _ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell _ (ring). 18. As I _ (walk) in the park, it _ (begin) to rain. Key: 1. was having 2. was going,were doing 3. were doing,were watching 4. was listening 5. were not making 6. Were having were cleaning 7. was raining 8.
17、 did do(do) 9. was waiting 10. was going/would go 11. was leaving 12. is coming /will come 13 was waiting 14. was making 15. was looking ,heard 二。现在完成时练习 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. H
18、e is tired now. 4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 1
19、0._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? Key: 1. have, se
20、en, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen 。 三过去将来时 1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him tha
21、t she _(not stay) here for long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future. 5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 6. I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 7. He was fifty-six. In tw
22、o years he _(be) fifty-eight. 8. Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. Key: 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help 四过去完成时 1. By the end of this century, we_(build) ours into a strong modern country. 2. We _
23、(finish) the work by six yesterday evening 3. Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_ (leave) about two hours before. 4. When I reached home, my parents _(have) their supper. 5. By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_(seat). 五一般将来时 1. If he _(study)harder, he _ (catch) up with us soon.
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