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1、专题复习资料(一) 讲前练习 (全国中考题 ) 1.(2007 宁波, 29) - Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? - No, it s about _ . A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes walk D. 7 minute s walk 2. (2006 昆明, 32) - What do you have for breakfast? - I often have _ or _ . A. breads; noodles B. bread; noodles C. bread
2、s; noodle D. bread; noodle 3. (2006 山东, 26) Swimming is _ in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun 4. (2006 河南 ) -What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A. two cup of coffee B. two cups of coffeeC. two cups of coffees D. two cup of coffees 5. (2007 重庆 ) All the _
3、 teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8 th , because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women 6 ( 2007 湖北) - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I d like five _ and some carrots. A. knife B. tomatoes C. meat D. days 7(2006 兰州 ) -How s Joy s skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than _ . A. he
4、r sister s and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kate s D. her sister s and Kate s 8 ( 2007 包头) -Do you know how many _ a horse has and how many _ a bee has? A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot 9(2005 黄冈 ) -Can I help you? - I d like _ for my twin daughters. A. tw
5、o pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes 10. (2007 济南 ) The PLA man saved three _ lives in the accident. A. children s B. children C. child D. childs 名词考点 (1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词( 3)专有名词(4)所有格 一名词的分类 名专有名词Lucy, China, the Great Wall 普通名词可数名词个体名词book, bike, ball, do
6、g, desk, window, chair 集体名词family, class, group, team, police, people 不可数 名词 物质名词rice, water, air, porridge, wood 抽象名词knowledge, danger, health, life, homework, love 二可数名词的复数形式 (1)规则变化 例词 : 把下列名词变为复数归纳 :构成方法 cake- day- student- bed- 一般情况加 -s bus- watch- box- brush- 以 s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的词加-es baby- cit
7、y- country- lady- 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词 ,变 y 为 i,再加 -es photo- piano- zoo- radio- 以 o 结尾的词多数加-s potato- tomato- hero- 少数加 -es leaf- half- knife- wife- shelf- life- self- thief- 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 ,多数变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 -es (2)不规则变化 1.常见不规则变化的名词 man- woman- policeman- Englishwoman- foot- tooth- child- mouse- 2单复数同形 fi
8、ve Chinese two Japanese many sheep many fish 3.只用复数的名词 眼镜glasses 衣服clothes 裤子 pants 手套 gloves 鞋 shoes 谢谢 thanks 4集体名词的数 people police family class team 5. 复合名词的复数 an apple tree- ten _ _ a bird cage- three _ _ a man worker five _ _ a woman teacher- eight _ _ 6.有些名词既可数也不可数(补出汉语意思) 不可数可数 orange oranges
9、 chicken chickens glass glasses fish fish (单复数同形 ) fishes 三不可数名词及其数 常见的不可数名词有:advice, fun, news, information, luck, weather, wood, work, homework, housework, bread, food, fruit 等。 不可数名词表示“量”的方法: 1 用 much, a little, a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of, some, any等表示多少。 a lot of money, some bread, much water
10、2 用 a piece of 等量词短语。 a piece of paper, two pieces of advice/news a glass of water/ milk, a cup of tea, three bags of rice 四名词所有格 (一) s 所有格的构成 1. 表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格一般在名词后加s,其构成形式如下: (1)一般单数名词后加s.如: my brothers book ,Jacks cat,the girls pen 等。 (2) 以-s 或 -es结尾的复数名词的所有格,只需在名词右上方加“ ”。 如:girls , teachers 等。
11、 注意:在不规则复数名词后,要加s.如: womens clothes. (3)如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词词尾加s,如果不是共有的,两 个名词都要加 s.如: Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间(共有) Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(不共有) (4)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上s 代表全称。如: at the doctors = at the doctors office 在诊所 (5)由 some-,any-, no-,every-与-one / -body 结合起来的复合词和else连用时,
12、s 应加在 else后。如: somebody elses pencil. 2. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾后加s 或“ ”来构成所 有格。如: todays news,ten minutes drive,two weekstime 等。 (二) “of + 名词 ” 所有格 无生命的名词的所有格,通常用“of+ 名词 ” 的结构来表示。如:the windows of the room (房间的窗户),the cover of the dictionary (词典的封面)。 (三)双重所有格 1. 双重所有格的概念及用法 (1)表示部分概念, of 短语修饰的名词
13、前通常有表示数量的限定词,如:a,an,one, two,some,several,a few,many,any,no 等。 This is a friend of my father s. =This is one of my father s friend. 这是我父亲的一个朋友。 (2)双重所有格与of 所有格的不同。如: a photo of mine ( 我所拥有的照片之一,照片上不一定是我本人。) 名词性物主代词或名词所有格 a photo of me (照片上是我本人的照片之一。) 宾格或名词 讲后练习 1 ( 2008 河北, 24)Can you imagine what l
14、ife will be like in _ time? A. 20 yearsB. 20 year s C. 20-yearsD. 20-years 2. (2007 重庆 ) - Would you like _ ? - Thank you, but I m not thirty. A. some sandwiches B. some moon cakes C. some bread D. some orange 3. (2008 武汉 ) -Where are the _ ? - They are playing _ football on the playground. A. boys
15、students; the B. boy students; the C. boy student; / D. boy students; / 4. (2008 成都 ) My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me _ on English learning. A. advices B. many advice C. some advice 5. (2007 河北 ) _ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A .Tom and Sam B. Tom s and Sam C. Tom and
16、 Sam s D. Tom s and Sam s 6. (2008 重庆,25)Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite _ . A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player 7. (2008 北京, 28) Betty likes _ very much. She draws pictures every day. A. art B. music C. sport D. science 8. (2008 安徽, 34) The music ma
17、de me think of the _ of a running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound 9. (2008 山东, 25) British people eat _ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways. A. chicken B. beef C. fish D. potatoes 10. (2008 武汉, 37) - Bill is ill. Do you know what s wrong with him? - Poor boy. His illness
18、is the _ of eating unhealthy food. A. result B. cause C. reason D. end 专题复习资料(二) 代词 重庆市田家炳中学戴卫东倪敏 讲前练习: 1.(2007 重庆) -Mum, I want to ask grandpa a question. -Oh. _ is reading a newspaper upstairs. A. He B. Him C. His D. Himself 2.(2006 重庆) -Is this your son s sweater? -No. _ is on the chair behind th
19、e desk. A. He B. Him C. She D. His 3.(2008 吉林) The two girls are your new classmates. Help_, please. A. them B. they C. their D. theirs 4.(2007 兰州) Most people find _ exciting to watch a football match. A. it B. this C. that D. one 5.(2007 重庆) -Do you like the pop star Zhou Jielun or the movie sstar
20、 Liu Dehua? -_. I m not their fan. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All 6.(2008 山东) My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy_ for him. A. it B. that C. the one D. one 7.(2008 宁波) I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed_at the party. A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves
21、8.(2008 宁夏) Though my answer is different from _, I still think _ is right. A. their, my B. their, mine C. theirs, mine D. theirs, my 9.(2008 天津) -Is_ here? -No, John and Bob have asked for leave. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody 10.(2008 哈尔滨) -Believe yourself. You are better than_. Yo
22、u re the best. Wish you success! A. anyone else B. someone else C. else anyone 11.(2008 安徽) A lot of story books are on sale, but_ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many 一. 人称代词与物主代词: 1. 人称代词与物主代词的各种形式: 主格宾格形容物代名词物代 单 数 第一人称I me my mine 第二人称you you your yours 第三人称 he him his his she her her hers i
23、t it its its 复 数 一人称we us our ours 二人称you you your yours 三人称they them their theirs 2. 人称代词与物主代词的用法: (1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语。He ofen goes home by bus. (2)人称代词的宾格在句中作动词、介词的宾语,还可作表语使用。如: _love our country. ( We ,US ) She is a good student. I don t know him. His mother is waiting for them outside. -Who s it ?
24、- It s_. ( I , me ) 人称代词的语序 几个人称代词并列作主语时,他们的顺序是: 单数形式( 2,3,1 )you , he and I ; 复数形式( 1, 2,3 )we ,you and they (3) 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用; 名词词性物主代词常用来 避免和前面已提到的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 Who is your uncle? - This is my dictionary. Where is_ ? (you r , yours ) -It s over there, on the bed. -Tom, is th
25、is your pen? -Yes, it s _. (yours, his, mine, my) (4) 名词词性物主代词可用在of 后面作定语, 相当于“ of+名词所有格” ,表示带有部分概 念或有一定的感情色彩。如:He is a friend of mine. 二. 反身代词 1、反身代词的单复数形式列表如下: 人称 数 单数复数 第一人称myself 我自己ourselves 我们自己 第二人称yourself 你自己yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 他们自己 themselves 她们自己 它们自己 2
26、、反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中。如: teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快,玩得高兴help oneself to 随便吃 hurt oneself 受伤by oneself 亲自 3、反身代词表示动作回到主语本身,所以它应与动作发出者保持人称一致。如: The little boy is too young to look after _. I hope you can enjoy yourself / yourselves at the party. The children made the plane _ . 三.
27、 指示代词 1. 指示代词列表如下: 单数this that 复数these those 2. 指示代词的用法 (1) this /these 近指或者指下文要提到的事,that / those 远指或者指前面刚刚提过的事。如: Please remember this:No pain ,no gains. He was ill. That was why he didn t go to school. (2) 打电话时用this 介绍自己,用that 询问对方。如 This is Mike speaking. Who is that?我是迈克。你是谁? ( 3)在表示比较的句子中,that
28、指代单数的人或物,those 指代复数的人或物; The books on the table are newer than those in my schoolbag。 四. 疑问代词 疑问代词主要用法 who 主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后) whom who 的宾格形式,作宾语 whose who 的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语、定语 what / who what 询问某人的职业 who 询问某人的身份、姓名 what / which what 指不定数目中的“哪一个,哪一些;什么”,没有一定范围的限定 which “哪一个”,在一定范围内特指的人或物 1. Who
29、 wants to go with me ? 2. _ are you talking to ? 3. To_ are you talking ? 4. -What is your father ?-He is a worker. 5. Which do you perfer, spring or summer? 6. _ book is this ? 7. What would you like ? 五.不定代词 1、复合不定代词 ( 1)初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下: somebody (某人)anybody (某人 /任何人)nobody (没有人)everybody (每人) so
30、meone (某人)anyone (某人 /任何人)no one (没有人)everyone (每人) something (某事)anything (某人 /任何事)nothing (没有东西)ecerything (每一件事) 如 Do you have anything special to tell me today ? 今天你有什么特别的事告诉我吗? Listen to me boys and girls. I have something to tell you . 同学们,听我说, 我有一些事情要告诉你们。 - Is there_ in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗? -No
31、, there is _ . 没有 ,什么也没有。 (2) 当形容词或else 修饰复合不定代词something ,everything , everyone 等时 ,形容词或 else必须放在这些词的后面。如: Xiaoming ,I have _ to tell you. 小明 ,我有一些重要的事情要告诉你 Can you find anyone else ? 你能再找一个人吗? (3) 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everbody ,nobody ,anyone 等时, 其反意疑问句的主语常用代词they;当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everthing , anythi
32、ng ,something , nothing 等时,其反意疑问句的主语常用代词it。如: Everybody is here , aren t they ? Everything is ready , isn t it ? (4)everyone 的意思等同与everbody,只能指人;every one 既可指人也可指物,还可 以和 of 短语连用。如: I d like _ to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。 Every one likes Mary. 人人都喜欢玛丽。 I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保 2、普通不
33、定代词 (1)初中阶段常用普通不定代词列表如下: some any few little none one other mny much either neither each every both all (2)普通不定代词的用法 1)some 与 any some 和 any 均表示“一些” ,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some 一般用 于肯定句中, any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得 到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。 如: There aren t any students in the classroom . Look !
34、Some boys are playing football . -Would you like _ coffee ? - Yes , please . 2) many 与 much many 修饰可数名词复数, 还可以与表示程度的副词so , too , as , how 连用。 much 修饰 不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so, too, how 连用。如: How many bottles of water do you need ? He has too much homework to do . There are too _ mistakes in your exercise
35、s . He never eats so much breakfast . 3)either, neither 与 both either 指两个之中的其中一个,neither 指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定搭配either/ neither of + 名词(代词)的复数 +谓语动词 (第三人称单数) ;当 either- or 和 neither-nor- , 连接两个主语时,谓语动词应离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致;both 表示“两者都” 常与 and 连用。如: Neither of the books is good . Either you or I_ going to A
36、merica . Neither you nor he is wrong . Both she and I are students . 4) none 与 all none 指三者或三者以上中没有一个,all 指三者或三者以上都,它们常与of 连用。如: I tried several jackets, but none of them looked good. Jim, Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here . 5) each 与 every each 和 every 都表示“每一个” 。each强调个别,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; every
37、强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each 可指两个以上的人 或事物,而every 只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如: There are trees on each side of the road . Every student in Class 5 passed the exam . Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt . We each wear a yellow T-shirt . (3) 几组容易混淆的不定代词: 1) it ,one ,that 作代词时的区别 it 特指上下文提到的同一对象是同一事物。 one 泛指上下文提到
38、的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同一。 that 常用与比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。如: -Who has a pen ? -I have one . The book is mine. _is very interesting . The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter . 2) either 与 any 作“任何”讲时的区别 either 是两者中任何一个;any 是三者(及以上)中任何一个。如: We plant trees on either side of the street .
39、 You can choose any student to join the swimming . 3) neither 与 none的区别 neither 是两者都不;none 是三者或三者以上都不。如: _ of you two is right . None of the students likes the math teacher . -Which subject do you like better, math or English ? -Neither , I like Chinese . 4) other,the other,others,the others,another
40、 不定代词意义用法说明 other 另外的 只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前 面有 the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no。one, my,your,his 等,则可与单数名词连用 the other 两者中的另一个常与 one 连用,构成“ one-the other” ;作定语修饰复 数名词时,表示“其余的全部” others 泛指别的人或物是 other 的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)。 不能作定语,可以构成some- others 结构 the others 特指其余的人或 物 是 the other 的复数形式,特指其余的人
41、或物 another 任何一个,另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作形容词或代词 He is taller than any other student in his class . He is taller than _ _ in his class . He is taller than the other students in his class . Some students like pop music while _ don t in our school . I want some other books besides this dictionary . 六. 代词 it
42、 的用法 1. 指代前面提到过的事物。如: The book on the desk is not mine . It is Jim s . 2. 代替指示代词this 或 that。如: -What s that ? -It is a pencil . 3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。如: -Who is shouting in the classroom ? -It must be Tom. 4.表示时间、距离和天气。如: -What s the weather like today ? -It is sunny . How far is it from your school to your
43、 home ? -What s the time now ? -It is ten o clock . 5. 用作形式主语,常用于下列句型中: (1)It s + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. (2)It s time +to do sth. /for sth. /that (3)It seems that-看起来好像 - (4)It s one s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 (5)It s +adj. + that 从句 It is important for us to work hard . It s time to get up . It
44、 seems that he is quite happy . It s your turn to sing a song . It s necessary that you should read English every morning . 6. 作形式宾语 Do you think it difficult to learn Ftench ? I find it easy to surf the Internet . 讲后练习: 1.(2008 北京)I m go skating. Would you like to go with_? A. I B. me C. my D. mine
45、 2.(2008 杭州) -_ do you study for a test? -I study by working with a group. A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where 3.(2008 贵阳) -I ve made some coffee. Would you like_? -That would be fine. A. many B. any C. some 4.(2008 上海) I knocked on the door several times but _ answered, so I left. A.somebody B. nobody
46、C.anybody D. everybody 5.(2008 重庆) -When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? -_is OK. I m free these days. A. Both B. All C. either D. neither 6.(2008 湘潭) I love _ parents and they love _, too. A. my, me B. me, me C. my,my 7. (2008 兰州)_ English teacher is not only strict w
47、ith the students but also wtith _. A. His, himself B. Mine, himself C. her, himself D. My, myself 8.(2008 重庆)During those days, a lot of stories about love could be heard. Here is _ of them. A. one B. none C. some D. each 9.(2008 安徽) -Who is singing in the next room? -_ must be Marie. A. It B. She C. This D. There 10.(2008 云南) -Would you like to have _to drink now? -No, thanks. A. anything cool B. cool something C. something cool D. cool anything 专题复习资料(三) 形容词、副词 渝高中学邓庆蜀 讲前练习: 1.-John, is Henry your twin
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