2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版.doc
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1、2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。 Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)Trust is a tricky business。 On the one hand, its a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships
2、, etc。 On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3。4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good。 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding ins
3、truct that prompts humans to 7 with one another。 Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than w
4、ere their 10 who inhaled something else。11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us。 A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one。 Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic contain
5、er。 The tester would ask, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15。 Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them。Among the children who had not been tricked,
6、 the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership。 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity。1。 A on B like C for D from2。 A faith B concern C attention D interest3。 A bene
7、fit B debt C hope D price4。 A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again5。 AUntil B Unless C Although D When6。 A selects B produces C applies D maintains7。 A consult B compete C connect D compare8。 A at B by Cof Dto9。 A context B mood C period D circle10。A counterparts B substitutes C colleagues Dsupporters
8、11。A Funny B Lucky C Odd D Ironic12。A monitor B protect C surprise D delight13。A between B within C toward D over14。A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted15。A out B back C around D inside16。A discovered B proved C insisted D 。remembered17。A betrayed Bwronged C fooled D mocked18。A forced B wi
9、lling C hesitant D entitled19。A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance20。A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts。 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D。 Mark your answers
10、 on the ANSWER SHEET。 (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely。 About half of U.S。 jobs are at high risk o
11、f being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed。 Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots。 But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon
12、 will。 The rich own the robots, so they will be fine。This isnt to be alarmist。 Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past。 The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living sta
13、ndards and created more jobs than it destroyed。 Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work。 But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting。The first step, as Erik Brynjolfs
14、son and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training。 Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication。 Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering
15、 problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots。 Online education can supplement the traditional kind。 It could make extra training and instruction affordable。 Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt。The challenge of coping with aut
16、omation underlines the need for the U.S。 to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier。 In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines。 The best uses of 3D printers and vir
17、tual reality havent been invented yet。 The U.S。 needs the new companies that will invent them。Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought。 Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies
18、 such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality。Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives an
19、d careers upended by automation。 Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts。 But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable。21.Who will be most threatened by automation?A Leading politicians。BLow-wage laborers。CRobot owners。DMiddle-class workers。22 。Which of the fol
20、lowing best represent the authors view?A Worries about automation are in fact groundless。BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support。CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphas
21、is onA creative potential。Bjob-hunting skills。Cindividual needs。Dcooperative spirit。24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed atA encouraging the development of automation。Bincreasing the return on capital investment。Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor。Dpreventing the income gap from
22、 widening。25.In this text, the author presents a problem withA opposing views on it。Bpossible solutions to it。Cits alarming impacts。Dits major variations。Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter。 The implicat
23、ion is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a presidents social media platform。Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines。 Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills
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