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1、第 1 页 共 10 页 2017 年高考英语阅读专练(七选五) 1. Brain Transplants Research on the human brain has been attracting more and more scientists in recent years. 1 If we compare a human brain to a hard disc, what the scientists are doing is to make better use of the hard disc. The idea that a human brain could be tra
2、nsplanted may come from Frankenstein. In 1999, an experiment turned a bear into a dolphin. 2 They were made of the memory area in the dolphin s brain containing information about swimming. They had a series of useful information, which was saved into a button-sized chip (芯片). Later the information w
3、as transplanted into the action memory area in the bear s brain. 3 It proved to be a highly successful experiment and a bear was turned into a dolphin. Recently, another memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Research Institute of the University of California. The experiment had an entir
4、e transplant of the memory area. 4 The transplant was performed from a dog named Genius to a dog named Idiot. Genius could follow up to 100 gestures and orders made by its master. It was a real genius in memorizing. However, Idiot had no contact with people since its birth. It became an animal with
5、nothing in its brain, without any memory. 5 When the two dogs woke up, Idiot had grasped all the abilities Genius possessed; it was good at memorizing and sensible. It could follow every gesture and any command given by its master. But Genius gave no response to its master, and did not recognize him
6、 at all. A. The experiment was a complete success. B. It included actions, moods, logic, words, images, etc. C. Then it was released by means of electric power. D. Different images have different meanings in the memory area. E. Using the most advanced technology, detailed images were produced. F. Di
7、scoveries show that messages are carried by the central nervous system in the brain. G. One of the latest topics is how to change the human brain or combine it with the computer. 2. W. Lloyd Jerome s Dental Surgery If you walk into W.Lloyd Jerome s dental surgery in Glasgow, 第 2 页 共 10 页 You ll see
8、bright paintings and a fashionable blue couch which patients sit on while he checks their teeth. Jerome says, “ That s _1_ “ That s why I don t wear a white coat. I find that s one of the things that people associate with pain. In fact, my philosophy is that dental treatment should take place in an
9、atmosphere of relaxation, interest and, above all, enjoyment” , which is all highly shocking for anyone who associates dental treatment with pain, or at the very least, formal, clinical visits. He says, “ If people are relaxed, entertained and correctly treated, they will forget such previous “ Virt
10、ual -reality headsets are one of his new relaxation techniques. _2_ The headsets are used for the first check-up, where the patient sits on the blue couch and watches ar film while I look at their teeth. Then the headset switches to a special camera, to give the patient a visual tour around their mo
11、uth.” “ Another key point is that the surgery smells more like a perfume shop than a dentist s. Today there is the smell of orange. When people walk in, I want them to realize with all their senses that it s not like going to dentist s. Smell is very important. _3_” Known as Glasgow s most fashionab
12、le dentist, Jerome is keen to Jerome uses a special instrument which sprays warm water on the teeth to clean them, rather than scraping them. “ It feels a bit strange, but as _5_ “ One of the things I found out there was that when you make it easier for the patient, you make it easier for yourself.
13、” He sees his patient-centred attitude as the start of a gradual movement towards less formality in the conservative British dentistry profession. At that moment, a patient arrives. Jerome rushes over, offers him a cup of tea, asks him what video he d like to watch and leads him gently towards the c
14、hair. B. He has tried to create an environment where people are not afraid. C. The relaxation techniques are important but the quality of the F. That dental smell of surgical spirit can get the heart racing in minutes 第 3 页 共 10 页 if you re frightened of G. Fifty percent of the population only go to
15、 the dentist when they re in pain. 3. School Phobia School phobia is a type of illness which causes the students, typically between the ages of 8-13, to be afraid to go to school. Symptoms include stomachaches, tiredness, shaking, a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet. _1_ Most commonly it
16、 is the result of separation anxiety, but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress. A child who has recently moved, suffered a loss, or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia, and phobias can also develop in response to an unrecognized learning disability, and poor self-image. _2
17、_ He or she may become physically ill when ordered to school, or pretend to be sick to avoid going. When the child arrives at school, he or she may run away, or develop behavioral problems in class. When school is discussed, the child can become impatient, upset or angry. Many techniques can be used
18、 to manage school phobia. But research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life. Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor. _3_ As soon as a school phobia is identified, parents shou
19、ld take action too. Like other phobias, school phobia gets worse if it is left untreated, and it can prevent the child from succeeding in school. _4_ If bullying is a cause, for example, the bullying situation should be solved. A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class, a
20、nd provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available. Changes at home can include supportive language from parents, along with support like assistance with homework. If a child lacks confidence, parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies. _5_ Parents might also
21、 talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them, and their own enjoyment of school and school-like activities. A. It will help children to feel good about themselves. B. But a child with phobia refuses to accept adults support. C. A child with school phobia usually
22、 refuses to go to school. D. Adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help. E. This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes. 第 4 页 共 10 页 F. The most effective treatment is to help the child have a sense of success. G. And the assistance can help parents and school o
23、fficials support the child. 4. The Pleasing Sound of a Rainstick A rainstick is a long tube that is carved out, with small sticks or other materials pushed inside so that it has a somewhat smooth surface on the outside, but small barriers inside. These can be in a lined pattern, for a specific sound
24、, or placed at random for a more varied effect. It is then filled with a variety of different things, like small stones, or beads( 珠子), or even rice, and the ends are capped to provide a seal. _1_ The origins of rainsticks are not really known and so the stories are quite varied. Some people say tha
25、t the ancient peoples of Chile created rainsticks from dried cactus(仙人掌 ), with the sharp points taken off, pushed back inside and then filled with small stones. _2_ The Deaguita Indians survive even today, and they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies. They also make them as musica
26、l instruments. _3_ Turning the stick over quickly will produce a higher sound, while turning it slowly will produce a deeper effect. How long the effect lasts depends on how long the instrument is. The tube also affects the quality of the rain sound as well. If you make them from some kind of absorb
27、ent material, like cactus or bamboo, you will hear it better than if you were to make it from cardboard tubing. A rainstick can be made from almost any kind of material and the types of things that you can use as fillings can be even more varied. _4_ Usually, these school projects are made using a c
28、ardboard tube, like the center from a roll of toilet paper or a paper towel tube. Tooth picks are then inserted, with the exposed ends cut off and glued in place. _5_ A. You can even make your own rainsticks, and they are often part of school projects where they are used to help children learn the h
29、istory of Indian peoples. B. When turned upside down, these materials fall down through the tube, bouncing off of the barriers to produce a calming rain-like sound. C. These were then capped with pieces of wood on the ends and used in ceremonies to bring rain to their crops. D. One end is capped off
30、 with poster board and filled with rice or beans, and then the other end is sealed. 第 5 页 共 10 页 E. You can get different rain sounds, depending on how fast you turn the rainstick itself. F. This rainstick can never be opened according to the scared writings of the ancients. G. They can be three fee
31、t or longer depending on what the tube itself is made from. 5. Tips on Young Adult Life As you grow rapidly through your teenage years, you will experience a lot of changes. The changes may seem difficult. 1 Don t panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now! With more resp
32、onsibility, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about making choices. In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions. 2 You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work ha
33、rd and the right opportunity will present itself to you. Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices. 3 But try not to shut your family out of your life. You school learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself. It is also perfectly natural at this time fo
34、r you to spend more time with your friends than your family 4 A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens. This period is a part of the life cycle. There are some people who will be with you throughout life s journey. There will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leav
35、ing school can be hard. The reality is that you may not even see all of your classmates again. You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. 5 So making the right choices will be important to you. Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely! AChoose your friends wisely. BThey wi
36、ll help shape the future. CThey may seem to happen quickly. DYou will probably want to be independent. EYou may appreciate what you have in your own life. FThe choices that you make from now on will be your choices. GYour family has been with you since you came into this world. 第 6 页 共 10 页 6. The F
37、irst Americans There was a time long ago when a land bridge connected Asia and North America. The first settlers in North America crossed this land bridge from what is now Siberia to Alaska. The people who made this initial crossing were probably following the animals they used for food. Eventually,
38、 the oceans rose and the land bridge between the continents disappeared. The settlers, who I shall call the “ First Americans” , could not return to their homeland. 1 For the next few thousand years, the First Americans migrated south and east throughout North and South America. They made the journe
39、y all the way from Alaska to the southern tip of South America, a distance of more than 10,000 miles. 2 In the far north, above the Arctic Circle, the First Americans became hunters of the ocean. 3 In the brief summer, they gathered berries and other plants. In the winter, they stayed in lodges much
40、 of the time preparing for the next summer. It was a hard life, but they learned to survive in these harsh conditions. Farther south, in what is now Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, the First Americans became cliff dwellers(悬崖居民 ). They began by living in caves that already existed in the cl
41、iffs. 4 The dwellings they constructed in many ways resembled today s apartment buildings. 5 They built a system of dams and canals so they could store and use water almost any time of the year. They were so successful that they could raise fruits and vegetables that were not found naturally in the
42、desert. In Mexico and South America, the First Americans founded civilizations that were among the greatest in the world. They built huge pyramids, lived in fabulous cities, and made great advances in science and mathematics long before the Europeans arrived. A. They also discovered foods like corn
43、and potatoes. B. Along the way, they established many different civilizations. C. The First Americans of the Southwest learned to irrigate the desert. D. They would have to survive in the New World they had discovered. E. They built boats of animal skins and hunted or fished for their food. F. Peopl
44、e living near each other tended to share similar environments and customs. G. They discovered how to add to the caves by building structures of wood and stone. 第 7 页 共 10 页 7. Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it s a matter of logic of being able t
45、o spot weakness in other people s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking the ability to see clearly the relationshi
46、ps among ideas. _1_ The greatest thinkers, scientists and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking. _2_ As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a great deal of time organ
47、izing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical( 机械的 ) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, the
48、re is good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. _3_ What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. _4_ As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability t
49、o think clearly and accurately. _5_ As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas thems
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