经济类英文词汇(1)要点.pdf
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1、关于经济的英语单词 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营
2、成分 ,私营部门 public sector 公共部门 ,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic
3、 trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准 ,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 人均国民生产总值per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incenti
4、ve to 投入 input 宏观控制exercise macro-control 优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into 改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order 有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors 主要成分dominant sector 实在的 tangible 全体会议plenary session 解放生产力liberate/unsha
5、ckle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley 举措 move 实事求是seek truth from facts 引进、输入importation 和平演变peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质quintessence 家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业invigorate enterprises 商品经济commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 re
6、tail 发电量 electric energy production 有色金属nonferrous metals 人均收入per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司going concerns 被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的receptive 增额、增值、增长increment 发展过快excessive growth 抽样调查data from the sample survey 扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率a
7、ctual growth rate 国际收支international balance of payments 流通制度circulation system 总工资 total wages 分配形式forms of distribution 风险资金risk funds 管理不善poor management 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心,坚持四项基本原则(1)社会主义道路( 2)党的 领导( 3)人民民主专政( 4)马列主义 毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to ec
8、onomic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。 Reform is “
9、the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.“ 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力,是否 有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力, 是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength
10、of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力,消灭剥削,消除贫富两极分化, 最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achi
11、evement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响,特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left“ deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left“ influence. 中国要警惕右,但更要防“左” 。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against t
12、he “Left“deviation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 随着改革的深化, 国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小,而市场调节的范 围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market for
13、ces will be enlarged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能,按劳 /需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism
14、发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the states monopoly on the purcha
15、se and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 国家的根本任务是,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,把我国建设成为富 强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。 to modernize the countrys industry, agricult
16、ure, national defence and science and techn ology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制,即全民所有 制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of
17、 production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 国有经济,即社会主义全民所有制经济,是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensur
18、es the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing 第一产业primary industry 第二产业secondary industry 第三产业tertiary industry 生产资料means of production 生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系relations of production 生产力 productive
19、 forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership 厉行节约,反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业joint venture 合作企业cooperative enterprise 独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterpr
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