【名师推荐】最新高考英语语法考点解析-动词的时态及语态.doc
《【名师推荐】最新高考英语语法考点解析-动词的时态及语态.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《【名师推荐】最新高考英语语法考点解析-动词的时态及语态.doc(28页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、【名师推荐】最新高考英语语法考点解析-动词的时态及语态【考纲解读】动词的时态和语态历来是高考题中考查的重头戏之一。2004年的15套高考题中就有41道题对该部分进行考查,2005年的高考题中有37个单选题,2006年亦有38个且测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般过去时和现在完成时;一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时;及物动词的被动用法;特定的时间状语中时态的使用;结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述,动词的时态和语态在高考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。【知识要点】动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频
2、度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every.,sometimes,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七点离家去学校。2.客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东方。3.表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that t
3、he earth is round.哥伦布证明地球是圆的。4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.现在我往杯子里放糖。I am doing my homework now.我在做作业。第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。二、一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有
4、:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。Where did you go just now?刚才你去哪儿了?2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我小的时候,经常在街上踢足球。3.句型:It is time for sb.to do sth.“到时间了”“该了”It is time sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”“早该了”It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了
5、。It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had)rather sb.did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”4.wish,wonder,think,hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较:一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.她已不在人间。Christine has been an invalid all her life.她现在还活着。Mrs.Darby live
6、d in Kentucky for seven years.达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去。注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。Did you want anything else?您还要点别的吗?情态动词 could,wouldCould you lend me your bike?能借用一下你的自行车吗?5.used to/be used to1)used to+do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯
7、性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.母亲以前没有这么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.Scart过去常常散步。2)be used to+doing: 对已感到习惯,或“习惯于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。Scarf is used to taking a walk.Scart现在习惯于散步。三、一般将来时1.shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first?我应该先读哪一段?
8、2.be going to+不定式,表示将来。1)主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算干什么?2)计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.这部戏预计要下个月拍。3)有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那乌云,要来暴风雨了。4)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们打算下周六
9、讨论这个报告。5)be about to+不定式,意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.他正打算动身去北京。注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。3.be going to/will用于条件句时, be going to表将来will表意愿If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算去旅行,最好尽快准备好。Now if you will take of
10、f your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你愿意脱下身上穿的衣服,我们就可以在镜子前给你试穿一下新衣服。4.be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排)5.一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come,go,arrive
11、,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明早六点发车。2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.铃响了。3)在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me.比尔来了后,让他等我。Ill write to you
12、 as soon as I arrive there.我一到那儿就给你写信。4)在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等后边。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前一定要确保窗户都关上了。6.用现在进行时表示将来意为:“意图”“打算”“安排”常用于人。常用词为 come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。Im leaving tomorrow.我打算明天动身。Are you staying here till next week? 你打算
13、在这儿住到下周吗?四、现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has)+过去分词。1.比较过去时与现在完成时1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know。过去
14、时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。I saw this film yesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。(强调看的动作发生过了。)I have seen this film.这部电影我看过了。(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)He has been a Le
15、ague member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)句子中如有过去时的时间副词如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.2.用于现在完成时的句型1)It is the first/second time.that.结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have vis
16、ited the city.这是我第一次参观这座城市。2)This is the.that.结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive (ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time (that)Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter for a month.(对)I havent received his letter for
17、almost a month.3.比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.我在这儿住了20多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我自出生就住在这儿。I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.我好久没收到叔叔的信了。注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years. 我在这里工作过20
18、多年。(我现在已不在这里工作。)I have worked here for many years.我在这里工作了多年了。(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误用。汤姆学习俄语有3年了。(对)Tom has studied Russian for three years.=Tom began to study Russian three years ago,and is still studying it now.Harry结婚6年了。(错)Harry has got married for six ye
19、ars.=Harry began to get married six years ago,and is still getting married now.显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或Harry has been married for six years.4.since的四种用法1) since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,last month,half past six)。I have been here since 1989.我自1989年就在这儿。2)since+一段时间+agoI have
20、been here since five months ago.自五个月前我就一直在这儿。3)since+从句Great changes have taken place since you left.自从你走后发生了很大的变化。4)It is+一段时间+since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.自从我考上研究生已有两年了。5.延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。
21、 (表结果)Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做直到” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到,才”。He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到10点。五、过去完成时1.概念:表示过去的过去其构成是had+过去分词构成。2.用法1)在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。She said (that)she had never been to
22、Paris.她说她从来没去过巴黎。2) 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.等到警察来的时候,贼早已经跑了。3)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本,未能”。We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.我们原本希望你能来,但你却没来。3.过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until ,when,aft
23、er,once,as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.他说他以前学过英语。By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.等到爱迪生12岁那年,他早已学会自我谋生了。注意:hardly.when 就no sooner.than刚 就4.用一般过去时代替完成时1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 名师推荐 名师 推荐 最新 高考 英语语法 考点 解析 动词 时态 语态
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-5017415.html