高中英语语法:非谓语动词详细复习资料.pdf
《高中英语语法:非谓语动词详细复习资料.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语语法:非谓语动词详细复习资料.pdf(17页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、高中英语语法:非谓语动词详细复习资料 非谓语 一 高考需掌握的相关知识点: 另外,常见的还有: 1、情态动词后的to 已省略。例: You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我 能游得很好。 2、 使役动词 let, have, make后, 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的 to 省略。 例: He made the baby crying all night long. 他让 那
2、个婴儿哭了一整夜。Let it be. 就这样吧。when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我 经过的时候,看见那个女孩在摘花。 注意:在这些词的用法中, 用于被动语态时不能省去to 。 例:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3、 would rather/had better/had
3、best后的 to 省略。 例: I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁 愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好带上一顶帽子。 4、 why/why not 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例:why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight 今晚何不来我 家吃顿饭。 5、 help 后可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb do sth: 6、如果在 feel ,know,observe ,see 后面跟的不定式 是 be,则 to 不可省
4、略。例: We all felt that to be the highest praiseWe know him to be brave The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessmans desire for profits Now I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning 应该注意到的是feel和 see 这两个动词在上述例句中 已不是感觉动词,它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和 “知悉”、“了解”。 7、a
5、nd, or和 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可 以省去:例: He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件 给她。 8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词 后作宾补时, 可以省去 to be。 例: He is supposed nice. 他应该是个好人。 9、but 作介词,后结不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分 若含有 do 的形式时,but 后的不定式要省去to, 否则要带 to. 例 he wants to do nothi
6、ng but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 10、不定式做表语时,一般要带to, 但若主语部分中含 有 do 的各种形式时,符号to 可省去。 例 weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home. It beaanadj. n. to do 在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不 定式复合结构。 例如 : This is a difficult question to answer. 这 是个难答的
7、问题。 question与 to answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。 1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to _. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on 2. Im hungry. Get me something _. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for e
8、ating 3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters _, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult _. repair be repaired repaired 6. He was nowhere _. a. to see b. to be seen c. seei
9、ng d. seen 7. She had no money _ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work _. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done 动名词复合结构的一般构成: 1)名词的所有格形式动名词 2 )形容词性的物主代 词动名词 如不置于句首时,可以使用:名词动名词或者宾格代 词动名词动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语 等。它能够侧重说明动名词所
10、表示的动作的执行 者。 Would you mind my/me closing the window (比 较: Would you mind closing the window) Bobs being absent made his teacher very angry. No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed. 动词 ing 的独立结构: 不定式和动名词作主语的区别: (1) 动名词作主语
11、通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语 表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止 )here 这里 禁止抽烟。 ( 抽象 ) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽 这么多烟对你身体很不好。( 具体 ) (2) 动名词作主语时, 通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表 示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。 ( 经 验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在 高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。( 经验
12、) To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 (3) 不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式 短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (4 )动名词做主语往往表示普通的,一般的行为;不定 式 作 主 语 常 常 表 示 某 次 具 体 的 行 为 。Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收 集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 Its necessary to di
13、scuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与 一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2 、常用不定 式做主语的句型有: It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有: Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of t
14、ime ones doing. 不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较 A 作前置定 语 现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语,而不 定式不能作前置定语。如: a developing country , a developed country ; boiling water,boiled water ; building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleeping boy , the xxing new year 。辨异的方法很简单: 现在分词具有主动、进行的特点,而过去分词则具有 被动、完成的特点。例如,a developing country=a
15、 country which is developing ( 发 展 中 国 家) ;boiling water=water which is boiling(正 在 滚 开 的 水) ; a developed country=a country which has developed ; boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的 水) 。 现在分词和动名词同形,但作前置定语时,动名词表 示 所 修 饰 的 名 词 的 用 途 , 例 如 ,.building materials=materials for building; a swim
16、ming pool=a pool for swimming ;而现在分词作前置定语时,表示所修 饰的名词正在进行的动作,两 者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如,the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the xxing new year=the new year that is xxing 。 B 作后置定语 不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语,而动 名词不作后置定语。先看例句: The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed d
17、iscussed at the meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. 辨析:上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作 后置定语,是因为它们存在不同的情况:不定式作定语,表 示动作正要进行;现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行;过 去分词作定语,表示动作已完成。据此,我们可以把上面的 例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子,这样学生就更容易理 解: The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important
18、.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which is ) being disc
19、ussed at the meeting is very important. 现在分词、 过去分词作宾语补足语现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语 也是比较常用的句式,如: I heard him singing English songs. His English was poor .He could hardly make himself understood. 学习小结:不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补, 正确使用它们的方法是:首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的 宾语之间的关系,如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者,则用 不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成,侧重工 作的全过程,而现在分词
20、表示动作正在进行;如果逻辑主语 是它们动作的承受者, 则应用过去分词作宾补。如: I often heard him sing English songs. I heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him. 不定式、分词作状语时的比较 A. 不定式可修饰动词和形容 词,表示原因、目的和结果。 a)作修饰动词的原因状语。 如: The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlais death. He laughed
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高中 英语语法 谓语 动词 详细 复习资料
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-5032180.html