opnet12个经典的例子-Lab07_OSPF.pdf
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1、 Laboratory 7 OSPF: Open Shortest Path First A Routing Protocol Based on the Link-State Algorithm Objective The objective of this lab is to configure and analyze the performance of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. Overview In Lab 6 we discussed RIP, which is the canonical exampl
2、e of a routing protocol built on the distance-vector algorithm. Each node constructs a vector containing the distances (costs) to all other nodes and distributes that vector to its immediate neighbors. Link-state routing is the second major class of intra-domain routing protocol. The basic idea behi
3、nd link-state protocols is very simple: Every node knows how to reach its directly connected neighbors, and if we make sure that the totality of this knowledge is disseminated to every node, then every node will have enough knowledge of the network to build a complete map of the network. Once a give
4、n node has a complete map for the topology of the network, it is able to decide the best route to each destination. Calculating those routes is based on a well-known algorithm from graph theoryDijkstras shortest-path algorithm. OSPF introduces another layer of hierarchy into routing by allowing a do
5、main to be partitioned into areas. This means that a router within a domain does not necessarily need to know how to reach every network within that domainit may be sufficient for it to know how to get to the right area. Thus, there is a reduction in the amount of information that must be transmitte
6、d to and stored in each node. In addition, OSPF allows multiple routes to the same destination to be assigned the same cost and will cause traffic to be distributed evenly over those routers. In this lab, you will set up a network that utilizes OSPF as its routing protocol. You will analyze the rout
7、ing tables generated in the routers and will observe how the resulting routes are affected by assigning areas and enabling load balancing. 2 Procedure Create a New Project 1. Start OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition Choose New from the File menu. 2. Select Project and click OK Name the project _OSPF, an
8、d the scenario No_Areas Click OK. 3. In the Startup Wizard: Initial Topology dialog box, make sure that Create Empty Scenario is selected Click Next Select Campus from the Network Scale list Click Next three times Click OK. Create and Configure the Network Initialize the Network: 1. The Object Palet
9、te dialog box should now be on top of your project workspace. If it is not there, open it by clicking . Select the routers item from the pull-down menu on the object palette. a. Add to the project workspace eight routers of type slip8_gtwy. To add an object from a palette, click its icon in the obje
10、ct palette Move your mouse to the workspace and click to place the object You can keep on left-clicking to create additional objects. Right-click when you are finished placing the last object. 2. Switch the palette configuration so it contains the internet_toolbox. Use bidirectional PPP_DS3 links to
11、 connect the routers. Rename the routers as shown below. 3. Close the Object Palette and then save your project. The slip8_gtwy node model represents an IP- based gateway supporting up to eight serial line interfaces at a selectable data rate. The RIP or OSPF protocols may be used to automatically a
12、nd dynamically create the gateways routing tables and select routes in an adaptive manner. The PPP_DS3 link has a data rate of 44.736 Mbps. 3 Configure the Link Costs: 1. We need to assign link costs to match the following graph: 2. Like many popular commercial routers, OPNET router models support a
13、 parameter called a reference bandwidth to calculate the actual cost, as follows: Cost = (Reference bandwidth) / (Link bandwidth) where the default value of the reference bandwidth is 1,000,000 Kbps. 3. For example, to assign a cost of 5 to a link, assign a bandwidth of 200,000 Kbps to that link. No
14、te that this is not the actual bandwidth of the link in the sense of transmission speed, but merely a parameter used to configure link costs. 4. To assign the costs to the links of our network, do the following: i. Select all links in your network that correspond to the links with a cost of 5 in the
15、 above graph by shift-clicking on them. ii. Select the Protocols menu IP Routing Configure Interface Metric Information. iii. Assign 200000 to the Bandwidth (Kbps) field Check the Interfaces across selected links radio button, as shown Click OK. 5. Repeat step 4 for all links with a cost of 10 but a
16、ssign 100,000 Kbps to the Bandwidth (Kbps) field. 6. Repeat step 4 for all links with a cost of 20 but assign 50,000 Kbps to the Bandwidth (Kbps) field. 7. Save your project. A CB D E F HG 5 20 20 205 5 5 5 10 10 10 4 Configure the Traffic Demands: 1. Select both RouterA and RouterC by shift-clickin
17、g on them. i. Select the Protocols menu IP Demands Create Traffic Demands Check the From RouterA radio button as shown Keep the color as blue Click Create. Now you should see a blue-dotted line representing the traffic demand between RouterA and RouterC. 2. Select both RouterB and RouterH by shift-c
18、licking on them. i. Select the Protocols menu IP Demands Create Traffic Demands Check the From RouterB radio button Change the color to red Click OK Click Create. Now you can see the lines representing the traffic demands as shown. 3. To hide these lines: Select the View menu Select Demand Objects S
19、elect Hide All. 4. Save your project. 5 Configure the Routing Protocol and Addresses: 1. Select the Protocols menu IP Routing Configure Routing Protocols. 2. Check the OSPF check box Uncheck the RIP check box Uncheck the Visualize Routing Domains check box, as shown: 3. Click OK. 4. Select RouterA a
20、nd RouterB only Select the Protocols menu IP Routing Select Export Routing Table for Selected Routers Click OK on the Status Confirm dialog box. 5. Select the Protocols menu IP Addressing Select Auto-Assign IP Addresses. 6. Save your project. Configure the Simulation Here we need to configure some o
21、f the simulation parameters: 1. Click on and the Configure Simulation window should appear. 2. Set the duration to be 10.0 minutes. 3. Click OK and then save your project. Auto-Assign IP Addresses assigns a unique IP address to connected IP interfaces whose IP address is currently set to auto- assig
22、ned. It does not change the value of manually set IP addresses. 6 Duplicate the Scenario In the network we just created, all routers belong to one level of hierarchy (i.e., one area). Also, we didnt enforce load balancing for any routes. Two new scenarios will be created. The first new scenario will
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