Postcolonial Theory后殖民理论.pdf
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1、Postcolonial Theory Contexts, Practices, Politics BART MOORE-GILBERT London New York -iii- First published by Verso 1997 Bart Moore-Gilbert 1997 All rights reserved Reprinted 1997, 1998, 2000 The right of Bart Moore-Gilbert to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in acco
2、rdance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1V 3HR USA: 180 Varick Street, New York NY 10014-4606 Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN 1-85984-909-1 ISBN 1-85984-034-5 (pbk) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for th
3、is book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moore-Gilbert, B. J., 1952- Postcolonial theory: contexts, practices, politics / Bart Moore -Gilbert p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 1-85984-909-1.-ISBN 1-85984-034-5 (pb
4、k.) 1. Colonies. 2. Decolonization. I. Title. JV5I.M65 1997 325.3-dc21 97-9259 CIP Typeset by CentraCet Ltd, Cambridge Printed by Biddles Ltd, www.biddles.co.uk -iv- This book is for my mother Marise, my brothers Patrick, Ames and Lindsay, and in memory of my father, S. M. (Bill) Moore-Gilbert, Game
5、 Warden in Tanganyika/ Tanzania 1949-1965: Mwanangwa ni fiya hufa kwa bidiya akenda akiya huyo si mwanangwa. -v- This page intentionally left blank. -vi- Contents Acknowledgements ix Preface 1 1 Postcolonial criticism or postcolonial theory? 5 2 Edward Said: Orientalism and beyond 34 3 Gayatri Spiva
6、k: the deconstructive twist 74 4 Homi Bhabha: The Babelian Performance 114 5 Postcolonial criticism and postcolonial theory 152 Conclusion Postcolonial futures: things fall apart? 185 Notes 204 Index 235 -vii- This page intentionally left blank. -viii- Acknowledgements This book has benefited from t
7、he help and support of a number of people. Id particularly like to thank Peter Hulme for a sympathetic but searching analysis of a first (and unsolicited) draft of the book as a whole; I must also thank Conor Carville, Stephen Slemon, Gareth Stanton, Willy Maley, Helen Carr, Susheila Nasta, Mark Rop
8、er, Sam Smithson and Aleks Sierz for reading draft chapters; Jane Desmarais and Andrew Teverson for much appreciated help with the notes; Maria MacDonald for taking some administrative burdens off my shoulders so I could get the book finished on time; Kate Teltscher and Steve Barfield for other help
9、; and my editor, Malcolm Imrie, for knowing when to be patient and when not to be. Id like also to thank the various groups of MA students who have been in my Postcolonial Fiction: Theory and Practice option since 1993, all of whom have encouraged and challenged me, and ignored my complaints that wh
10、at I really liked was reading novels. I remember with gratitude discussions on exile and belonging (and copious beer) in KK with Alan MacLachlan (thanks so much for your hospitality) and friends, especially Ayesha and he who obeyed her, Ghulam. July 1996 -ix- This page intentionally left blank. -x-
11、In the sky there is no east nor west. We make these distinctions in the mind, then believe them to be true. The Buddha, Lankavatara Sutra Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet, Till Earth and Sky stand presently at Gods great Judgement Seat. Kipling, The Ballad of East a
12、nd West The notions of East and West do not cease to be objectively real even though analysis shows them to be no more than a conventional, that is a historico-cultural, construction. Gramsci, Prison Notebooks -xi- This page intentionally left blank. -xii- Preface Despite the manifold successes of p
13、ostcolonial studies in reshaping traditional disciplinary configurations and modes of cultural analysis in recent years, they are currently beset by a number of problems which are reflected in a growing number of attacks from outside the field and increasing dissension within. This text is particula
14、rly concerned with recent controversies about postcolonial theory, which have led to what seems to some observers to be a growing divide between postcolonial theory on the one hand and the rest of postcolonial criticism on the other. My text defines postcolonial theory as work which is shaped primar
15、ily, or to a significant degree, by methodological affiliations to French high theory-notably Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan and Michel Foucault. In practice, this will mean the work of Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha. It is the intrusion of French high theory into postcolonial analysis
16、that has perhaps generated the most heated of the many current critical debates, provoking extremes of both approval and disapproval. Representative of the former attitude is Robert Youngs White Mythologies ( 1990), which announces a new logics of historical writing 1 in the work of what his later t
17、ext Colonial Desire ( 1995) calls the Holy Trinity of postcolonial theorists. Young argues that Said, Spivak and Bhabha have enabled a radical reconceptualization of the relationship between nation, culture and ethnicity which has major cultural/political significance. By contrast, the Nobel laureat
18、e Derek Walcott damns French theory in an apoplectic tone which is not untypical of many more traditional kinds of postcolonial critic. Complaining of the stink and rot of the dead fish of French criticism, Walcott concludes: It convinces one that Onan was a Frenchman. 2 In the first four chapters,
19、and for purely determinate and strategic purposes, I shall accept the more or less explicit divisions which have been constructed between postcolonial theory on the one hand and the -1- wider field of postcolonial criticism on the other. I must emphasize even at this stage, however, that I do not wi
20、sh to essentialize the distinction between the two kinds of analysis. Indeed, it is a conviction that the distinctions between them cannot be made absolute that organizes the attempted negotiation in the later parts of my text between the equally avid supporters and detractors of postcolonial theory
21、 and, in consequence, between postcolonial theory and postcolonial criticism more broadly understood. The trajectory of Saids career, for instance, is one of progressive disillusionment with some of the high theory which underpins Orientalism, as I will show in more detail in chapter 2. From almost
22、immediately after the publication of this seminal text, Said begins to develop in such a way that a decade later he is exploring an accommodation between his own work and some recent versions of Commonwealth literary studies. I do not want to suggest that postcolonial criticism, meanwhile, is naivel
23、y positivist or purely empiricist in its assumptions and procedures. While it is generally mediated in a different and more accessible rhetoric, and consequently rarely presents the reader with the same order of immediate difficulty as postcolonial theory, it is often highly theorized, implicitly or
24、 explicitly (as is particularly evident in the many Marxist and marxisant inflections of postcolonial criticism). In any case, as Barbara Christian argues, theory is not necessarily to be understood in the same way by the West and the non-West (or dominant and subordinate constituencies within the W
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