Sustainable-performance-criteria-for-construction-method-selection-in-concrete-buildings__Automation-in-Construction.pdf
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1、Sustainable performance criteria for construction method selection in concrete buildings Ying Chen a,b, Gl E. Okudanc, David R. Rileyb, a Department of Construction Management, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China b Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsy
2、lvania State University, University Park, 104 Engineering Unit A, University Park, PA, USA c Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA a b s t r a c ta r t i c l ei n f o Article history: Accepted 19 October 2009 Keywords: Con
3、struction methods Prefabrication Concrete construction Construction management Sustainable development The use of prefabrication offers signifi cant advantages, yet appropriate criteria for applicability assessments to a given building have been found to be defi cient. Decisions to use prefabricatio
4、n are still largely based on anecdotal evidence or simply cost-based evaluation when comparing various construction methods. Holistic criteria are needed to assist with the selection of an appropriate construction method in concrete buildings during early project stages. Following a thorough literat
5、ure review and comprehensive comparisons between prefabrication and on-site construction method, a total of 33 sustainable performance criteria (SPC) based on the triple bottom line and the requirements of different project stakeholders were identifi ed. A survey of U.S. experienced practitioners in
6、cluding clients/developers, engineers, contractors, and precast concrete manufacturers was conducted to capture their perceptions on the importance of the criteria. The ranking analysis of survey results shows that social awareness and environmental concerns were considered as increasingly important
7、 in construction method selections. Factor analysis reveals that these SPCs can be grouped into seven dimensions, namely, economic factors: “long-term cost,” “constructability,” “quality,” and “fi rst cost”; social factors: “impact on health and community,” “architectural impact”; and environmental
8、factor: “environmental impact.” The resultant list of SPCs provides team members a new way to select a construction method, thereby facilitating the sustainable development of built environment. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction With heightened awareness of environmental pollut
9、ion, natural resource depletion and accompanying social problems, sustainable development and sustainable construction have become a growing concern throughout the world. Buildings are one of the heaviest consumers of natural resources and account for a signifi cant portion of the greenhouse gas emi
10、ssions. IntheU.S.,buildings account for 38.9% of primary energy use, 38% of all carbon dioxide emissions, and 30% of waste output 1. Conventional on-site construction methods have long beencriticizedforlowproductivity,poorqualityandsafetyrecords,long construction time, and large quantities of waste
11、in the industry. Prefabricationisamanufacturingprocess,generallytakingplaceata specialized facility, with which various materials are joined to form a component part of the fi nal installation 2. Several benefi ts of applying prefabrication technology in construction were commonly discussed in previ
12、ous literature 315, including: shortened construction time, lower overall construction cost, improved quality, enhanced durability, better architectural appearance, enhanced occupational health and safety, material conservation, less construction site waste, less environ- mental emissions, and reduc
13、tion of energy and water consumption. These advantages provide opportunities for prefabrication to better serve sustainable building projects. Worldwide, the highest precast levels in 1996 were located in Denmark (43%), the Netherlands (40%), Sweden and Germany (31%) 16. In the United States, the sh
14、are of reinforced concrete construction supplied by precast producers is only 6%whiletheaverageacrosstheEuropeanUnionis18%8.Althoughthe U.S. precast concrete industry produces technologically and architec- turally complex buildings and building elements, such as double tees, hollow-core slab element
15、s, inverted tee and ledger beams, and facade panels, in building construction market, the percentage of precast concrete systems is pretty low (approximately 1.2%) 7,8. It is more urgent to address prefabrication issues in concrete buildings while achieving sustainable construction in the United Sta
16、tes. Pasquire and Connolly demonstrated that decisions to use prefab- rication are still largely based on anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous data, as no formal measurement criteria or strategies are available 17. Blismas et al. also indicated that holistic and methodical assessments of the pref
17、abrication applicability to a particular project Automation in Construction 19 (2010) 235244 Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 814 863 2079; fax: +1 814 863 4789. E-mail addresses: (Y. Chen), gek3engr.psu.edu (G.E. Okudan), drileyengr.psu.edu (D.R. Riley). 0926-5805/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.
18、V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2009.10.004 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Automation in Construction journal homepage: have been found to be defi cient, and common methods of evaluation simply take material, labor and transportation costs into account when comparing various
19、 construction methods, without explicit regard for thelong-termcostorsoftissues,suchaslifecyclecost,healthandsafety, effects on energy consumption, and environmental impact of a project 10. Additionally, for individual building projects, prefabrication technology is not always the only available opt
20、ion, nor is it always better than on-site construction method due to various project characteristics and available resources. If not employed appropriately, change orders, severe delays in production, erection schedules, substantial cost overruns, and constructability problems may be encountered in
21、the use of precast concrete systems. All of these demonstrate that criteria for decisions regarding construction methods are unclear and unrecorded. There is a need to establish holistic criteria toselectanappropriateconstructionmethodand stimulatethesuitable use of prefabrication for a given buildi
22、ng project. In this research, two prominent methods in building construction are reviewed and discussed: the conventional on-site reinforced concrete construction method, and the precast concrete building method. In the sections that follow, the former method is referred as the on-site construction
23、method, and the latter the prefabrication method. The main objective of the research was to develop a holistic sustainable performance criteria (SPC) set to assist design team members in the selection of appropriate construction methods in concrete buildings during early project stages. These criter
24、ia enable applications of IT to support and automate the complex considera- tions of prefabrication on concrete building projects. As a result, the likelihood of sustainable construction is enhanced, both to meet societys environmental goals and account for the social and economic impacts of the pro
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