The Ethics of Qualitative Social Work Research定性研究社会工作伦理.pdf
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1、 http:/ Qualitative Social Work http:/ The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/147332500200100203 2002 1: 145Qualitative Social Work Einat Peled and Ronit Leichtentritt The Ethics of Qualitative Social Work Research Published by: http:/ can be found at:Qualitative Social Wor
2、kAdditional services and information for http:/ Alerts: http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ at University of Sheffield on May 8, Downloaded from Qualitative Social Work Vol. 1(2): 145-169 Copyright 2002 Sage Publications London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi 1473-32502002061:2;145-169;023617 The Ethics of
3、 Qualitative Social Work Research Einat Peled and Ronit Leichtentritt Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel ABSTRACT A study cannot be a good study unless proper ethical stan- dards have been maintained. This article examines ethical thinking and practice in qualitative soci
4、al work research. A review of a randomly selected sample of articles published in social work journals in the past decade was conducted, centered around four main issues: (a) prevention of harm; (b) empowerment-related aspects of the research process; (c) research-related benefi ts for participants
5、and others; and (d) researchers technical competence. Our fi ndings suggest that, as a general trend, ethical considerations are marginal in most phases of the studies that are reported in our jour- nals. This raises questions as to the meaning of proper ethical standards in qualitative social work
6、research and as to the extent research ethics are regarded as important by researchers and journal editors in our fi eld. KEY WORDS: qualitative social work research research ethics social work ethics ARTICLE 145 03 Peled (JG/d) 25/4/02 8:44 am Page 145 at University of Sheffield on May 8, Downloade
7、d from This article examines the ethics of qualitative social work research published in social work journals in the past decade. The exploration of values and ethics is central to the social work profession since its inception.Social work practitioners have always been concerned with the moral aspe
8、cts of their relationship with clients (Compton and Galaway, 1994; Reamer, 1982) but the nature of this concern has shifted in response both to stages in the maturation of the pro- fession and historical and political developments (Hudson and Nurius, 1994). One major shift was from an emphasis on th
9、e morality of the client, to a preoccupation with moral aspects of the profession and of practitionersconduct. In line with this shift, we examine in this article the ethical behavior of quali- tative social work researchers. Any examination of ethical issues must begin with a clarifi cation of the
10、underlying moral principles. Since we were unaware of any proposal of moral principles on which we could ground an evaluation of the ethics of qualitative social work research,our fi rst task was to assemble such a set of guiding assump- tions. Our premise was that these guiding assumptions should b
11、e congruent with both social work ethics (Reamer, 1993) and qualitative research (Clifford, 2000). A proposal for social workers ethics was put forward by Banks (1995) who compared 15 national social work codes of ethics.The four values common to all the examined codes of ethics were (a) respect for
12、 the individual person; (b) promotion of clientsself-determination;(c) promotion of social justice;and (d) work for the interests of others (Banks,1995).We then refl ected on the cor- respondence between this set of values and each of the two main schools of thought regarding research ethics: the po
13、sitivistic perspective as represented by the biomedical model and guidelines of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in American universities, and the relativistic approach as articulated, for example, through feminist communitarian thinking. The biomedical approach to research ethics, which underlies
14、 codes of research ethics in various social science disciplines, is based on the values of autonomy,benefi cence,non-malefi cence and justice (Beauchamp and Childress, 1989). These values are the basis for principles such as informed consent, non- deception, the absence of psychological or physical
15、harm, privacy, confi dential- ity, and a commitment to collecting and presenting reliable and valid empirical materials (Clifford, 2000). Within academic settings in North America, and gradually also in Europe, these principles are often being enforced by IRBs. A different perspective on research et
16、hics has been articulated based on feminist communitarian philosophy (Clifford,2000;Denzin,1989). Proponents of this approach hold community as ontologically and axiologically prior to the person. A community is assumed to have common moral values and these are to guide the research conducted in its
17、 domain. Community moral values are likely to refl ect the concepts of care, shared governance, neighborliness, 146 I Qualitative Social Work 1(2) 03 Peled (JG/d) 25/4/02 8:44 am Page 146 at University of Sheffield on May 8, Downloaded from kindness,and moral good. According to this approach,researc
18、h ethics are always contextual and, therefore, the ethical obligation of the researcher is not to his or her professional code of ethics but to situated moral rules that are grounded in the local community and group understanding(Denzin,1997: 227). Because people are able to share one anothers point
19、 of view in the social situation, reciprocal care and understanding, rooted in an emotional experience, and not in a formal consensus, are the basis on which moral discourse is possible (Clifford, 2000). Thus, social science researchers, as moral individuals, need to create and modify their moral ac
20、ts through a nonhierarchical dialogue with research participants within the social contexts in which the research is conducted (Denzin, 2001). Our attempt to assemble a set of guiding assumptions through which to examine the ethics of qualitative social work research, and the specifi c assump- tions
21、 included in it, were eventually shaped by infl uences from both schools of thought described above,and refl ect our continual dialogue with each of them. The feminist communitarian perspective corresponds well with the major paradigms underlying qualitative research and with the recent narrative tu
22、rn in social work practice (Saleebey, 1994). However, an inclusive application of this ethical approach to qualitative social work research will imply locating almost the entire responsibility for proper ethical conduct within individual researchers.The contextual,relativistic nature of communitaria
23、n research ethics leaves the profession with little ability to enforce or supervise the ethical conduct of social work researchers. While such a potential shift of responsibility is a positive, exciting development for social work as a profession, we also need to consider an alternative scenario whe
24、re the abandonment of a common, regu- lated, code of research ethics will bring about deterioration in the ethical prac- tice of social work researchers.It is our assessment that the social work profession is not yet ready for such an inclusive radical paradigmatic shift in the practice of research
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