Rousseau and The Social Contract【劳特里奇哲学导读】卢梭与《社会契约论》 .pdf
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1、 Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Rousseau and The Social Contract Christopher Bertram leads the reader through Rousseaus Social Contract with clarity, care, and a fine sense of the works underlying complexity. At each step of this most illuminating journey, Bertram takes the time to explore altern
2、ative meanings and make textual connections that deepen our understanding of Rousseaus political philosophy. Grace Roosevelt, Metropolitan College of New York This will prove to be a very useful and widely used commentary on the Social Contract filling a surprising gap in the market. It is sober, lu
3、cid and well-judged throughout and will, I am confident, be justly well-received, well-respected and well-thumbed. Nicholas Dent, University of Birmingham Rousseaus Social Contract is a benchmark in political philosophy and has influenced moral and political thought since its publication. Rousseau a
4、nd The Social Contract introduces and assesses: Rousseaus life and the background of the Social Contract The ideas and arguments of the Social Contract Rousseaus continuing importance to politics and philosophy. Rousseau and The Social Contract will be essential reading for all students of philosoph
5、y and politics, and anyone coming to Rousseau for the first time. Christopher Bertram is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Bristol University. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7111 IN THE SAME SERIES Plato and the Republic, Second edition Nickolas Pa
6、ppas Husserl and the Cartesian Meditations A. D. Smith Kierkegaard and Fear and Trembling John Lippitt Descartes and the Meditations Gary Hatfield Hegel and the Philosophy of Right Dudley Knowles Nietzsche on Morality Brian Leiter Hegel and the Phenomenology of Spirit Robert Stern Berkeley and the P
7、rinciples of Human Knowledge Robert Fogelin Aristotle on Ethics Gerard Hughes Hume on Religion David OConnor Leibniz and the Monadology Anthony Savile The Later Heidegger George Pattison Hegel on History Joseph McCarney Hume on Morality James Baillie Hume on Knowledge Harold Noonan Kant and the Crit
8、ique of Pure Reason Sebastian Gardner Mill on Liberty Jonathan Riley Mill on Utilitarianism Roger Crisp Wittgenstein and the Philosophical Investigations Marie McGinn Spinoza and the Ethics Genevieve Lloyd Heidegger on Being and Time Stephen Mulhall Locke on Government D. A. Lloyd Thomas Locke on Hu
9、man Understanding E. J. Lowe Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Rousseau and The Social Contract 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7111 Christopher Bertram First published 2004 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published
10、in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor however, the harmony of fi ve or six hundred men in uniform, holding one another by the hand and forming a long ribbon which wound around, serpent-like, in cadence and without confusion,
11、with countless turns and returns, countless sorts of fi gured evolutions, the excellence of the tunes which animated them, the sound of drums, the glare of torches, a certain military pomp in the midst of pleasure, all of this created a very lively sensation that could not be experienced coldly. It
12、was late; the women were all in bed; all of them got up. Soon the windows were full of female spectators who gave new zeal to the actors; they could no longer confi ne themselves to their windows and they came down; the wives came to their husbands, the servants brought wine; even the children, awak
13、ened by the noise, ran half-clothed amidst their fathers and mothers. The dance was suspended; now there were only embraces, laughs, healths and caresses. There resulted from all this a general emotion that I could not describe but which, in universal gaiety, is quite naturally felt in the midst of
14、all that is dear to us. My father, embracing me, was seized with trembling which I think I still feel and share. Jean-Jacques, he said to me, love your country. Do you see all these good Genevans? They are all friends; they are all brothers; joy and concord reign in their midst. You are a Genevan .
15、. . The Letter to DAlembert on the Theatre INTRODUCTION I fi rst read Rousseaus Social Contract when I was about fi fteen years old. The boyfriend of my French exchange partners elder sister was interested in philosophy and he persuaded me to read a number of works of which Rousseaus was one. At the
16、 time, it was hard for me to distinguish Rousseau from Marx or Nietzsche since they all seemed to preach a message sharply at variance with the norms of English middle class society. Shortly afterwards, I acquired my own copy (and an edition of Hobbess Leviathan) following the expulsion of their ori
17、ginal owner from our public school. In the thirty-odd years since, I have read the Social Contract and many of Rousseaus other works over and over again. The Social Contract, in particular, is an elusive text. It is somewhat fragmen- tary and poorly integrated. As a consequence, it has given rise to
18、 multiple and contradictory interpretations. To some of his readers, Rousseau has seemed to be the prophet of a participatory democracy; to others, he is the harbinger of twentieth-century totalitarianism. Some have seen the Social Contract as being apart from the main body of his work; others have
19、found ways of integrating it with Rousseaus wider thought. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111 1 2 3111 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7111 I cannot pretend here to have given anything like a defi nitive interpretation of Rousseaus text. There is, for good or ill, room for a multiplicity
20、of Rousseaus.1But I have tried, throughout, to make his ideas plausible and attractive, insofar as that is possible. Certainly, I have endeavoured to resist the Cold War readings of Rousseau that saw him as advocating an enclosed and all- controlling society. By contrast, I have attended to the libe
21、ral and republican aspects of his thought and noted that many sentiments, arguments and statements that have been held up as evidence of his totalitarianism are, in fact, shared with other thinkers such as John Locke who are remembered as paragons of liberty. The fragmentary nature of the text makes
22、 for some diffi cult choices in a work of commentary. Unlike, say, Hobbes, Rousseau is not good at deploying systematic argument. His comments on the general will, for example, are interspersed through the text and the reader has to cope both with the experience of suddenly coming across a comment t
23、hat appears radically to contradict what has been said a few pages before and, hence, with the task of making the various passages consistent with one another. Rousseau can also be highly repetitive, so, for example, we fi nd that much of Book 2 Chapter 6 recapitulates material that has been stated
24、only two chap- ters previously. There is also the diffi cult question of how far we let the text stand on its own, and how far we bring to bear the wider context of Rousseaus writings. On the whole, and at the risk of repetition, I have tried to stick to the order of the text with the thought that t
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