donohue_286rppt - Harvard University.ppt
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1、Air Transportation Network Load Balancing using Auction-Based Slot Allocation for Demand Management,George L. Donohue Loan Le and C-H. Chen Air Transportation Systems Engineering Laboratory Dept. of Systems Engineering & Operations Research George Mason University Fairfax, VA Harvard University 18 M
2、arch, 2004,Outline,Necessity of Demand Management History of US Demand Management Auction model for airport arrival slots auctioneer optimization model airline optimization model Atlanta airport case study simulated scenarios results and interpretation Observations,Why Demand Management?,Atlanta Air
3、port - FAA Airport Capacity Benchmark 2001,Over-scheduling causes delay and potentially compromises safety,Data Indicates Loss of Separation Increases at High Capacity Fraction,Statistics at ATL, BWI, DCA and LGA airports (Haynie),Over-scheduling causes accident pre-cursor events and potentially com
4、promises safety,Observed WV Separation Violations vs. Capacity Ratio,Haynie, GMU 2002,Atlanta Airport - FAA Airport Capacity Benchmark 2001,Flight Banking at Fortress Hubs Creates Inefficient Runway Utilization,Over-scheduling causes accident pre-cursor events and potentially compromises safety,Unde
5、r-scheduling wastes runway capacity,Enplanement Capacity is More Important than Operational Capacity,Small aircraft make inefficient use of runway capacity,seats/aircraft,Cumulative Seat Share vs. Cumulative Flight Share and Aircraft Size,ATL total operations (OAG Summer 2000), Cumulative flight sha
6、re,Cumulative seat share,Excess Market Concentration May Lead to Inefficient Use of Scare Resources,HHI is a Metric used to Measure Market Concentration,Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI) is standard measure of market concentration Department of Justice uses to measure the competition within a market
7、place HHI=(100*si)2 with si is market share of airline i Ranging between 100 (perfect competitiveness) and 10000 (perfect monopoly) In a market place with an index over 1800, the market begins to demonstrate a lack of competition,History of US Demand Management,- Limited #IFR slots during specific t
8、ime periods - Negotiation-based allocation,1968,High-Density-Rule,LGA Airport Slot Control,Demand Management Approaches,Administrative negotiation-based IATA biannual conferences Economic weight-based landing fee: no incentive for large aircraft inefficient Enplanement capacity time-based congestion
9、 pricing: not reveal the true value of scarce resources DoT supervised Market-based Auctions of Arrival Metering-Fix Time Slots Hybrid,Auction Model Design Issues,Feasibility package slot allocation for arrival and/or departure slots politically acceptable prices Optimality efficiency: throughput (e
10、nplanement opportunity) and delay regulatory standards: safety, flight priorities equity: stability in schedule airlines need to leverage investments airlines competitiveness : new-entrants vs. incumbents Flexibility primary market at strategic level secondary market at tactical level,Design Approac
11、h,Objective: Obtain Better Utilization of Nations Airport Network Infrastructure Network Load Balancing Provide an Optimum Fleet Mix at Safe Arrival Capacity Ensure Fair Market Access Opportunity Increase Schedule Predictability - reduced queuing delays Assumptions Airlines will make optimum use of
12、slots they license Auction rules: Bidders are ranked using a linear combination of: monetary offer (combination of A/C equipage credit and cash) flight OD pair (e.g. international agreements, etc.) throughput (aircraft size) ? airlines prior investment ? on-time performance ?,Strategic Auction Analy
13、tical Approach,NAS,Auction Model,Analysis & Feedback,Bids,Slots,Airlines,Auctioneers,Network Model,Auctions only at Capacitated Airports Auction Licenses good for 5 to 10 years,Auction Model Process,More bids than capacity,Call for bids,End auction process,Submit information and bids,Yes,No,Auctione
14、ers action,Airlines action,Simultaneous bidding of 15-min intervals,Determine factor weights, initial bids and increments,Sort the bids in decreasing ranks,Sequence flights for each intervals,Local optimum fleet mix order: smalllarge 757heavy,ARR,DEP,Weight vector W = (w1 w2)T Rank of a bid vector :
15、 WPj C = (WTP1 WTPj WTPn)T,Auctioneer Model,Capacity constraints for 15-min bins: (ARRX)i 25 (DEPX)i 25,max z = CTX s.t. AX b airlines combinatorial constraints,A =,ARR DEP, b =,25 25,Let:,Atlantas VMC Auction Model,Airline Bidding Model,Determine markets, legs, frequencies and departure times Fleet
16、 assignment : (aircraft type,leg) line-of-flying (LOF): sequence of legs to be flown by an aircraft in the course of its day,Bidding is all about scheduling,Determine markets, legs, frequencies and departure times Fleet assignment : (aircraft type,leg) line-of-flying (LOF): sequence of legs to be fl
17、own by an aircraft in the course of its day,time,ARR,DEP,1,1,1,1,1,1,simple package bidding,Bidding is all about scheduling,Simple Flight Schedule Example,1,5,2,6,3,7,4,8,1,3,2,4,B,C,D,A,E,F,Daily arrivals and departures at A of one LOF:,Determine markets, legs, frequencies and departure times Fleet
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