人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总.pdf
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1、八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总 Unit 1 What s the matter? 一、基础知识 1. What s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了? 【解析】 matter/ m? t? (r) /n.问题;事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了? 【注】 : matter 和 trouble 为名词,其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词, wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟
2、询问对象 时,与介词 with 连用。即: Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = What s up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a h
3、eadache头疼 3. 身体部位 +ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 4. much too+ 形容词,意为太 ,too much+ 名词,意为很 多,大量。 5. enough 【形容、副词】足够的 / 地,enough放在名前后,形副后。good enough 足够好, enough money=much money 6. lie down躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay ;lie说谎,过去式 lied 7. m
4、aybe “或许”, 常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为“可能,也许” ,后加名词、代词或形 容词。 He may be angry. sound like+名词代词和从句: It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词, “听起来,好像” , The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物; need to do sth. 需要做某事, 主语通
5、常是人, 表示人主动的动作: You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth. 主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车) get on 上车 11. agree 同意,赞同; agree with sth. 同意某事如: I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如:I agree to LiLei. 12. trouble问题,麻烦;be in trouble遇到麻烦,
6、 make trouble 制造麻 烦 ,have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做有麻烦。 13. right away=right now=at once,意为 马上 。 14. advice 不可数名词 劝告,建议,向征求意见, give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议; advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锻炼 当 exercise意为“练习”时,为可数名词
7、即可加 s 当 exercise意为“锻炼”时,为不可数名词即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词,使疼痛,受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词,(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly. clean 【动词】打扫, clean the classroom打扫教室,【形容词】干净 的,cleaner 意为清洁工。 18. hit (用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用 在所打较硬的部位; h
8、it sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。 be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事,强调状态; His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯,逐渐适应” 强调过程、动作: Its difficult for one to get used to another co
9、untrys habit. 20. 【复习】free 形容词 空闲的 free time ;免费的 the drink is for free ; 自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱,得到自由:He could not free his arm. run out 用完,用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人 sb. run out of sth.
10、人用尽了某物。 He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要(性), important adj.重要的, unimportant adj. 不重要的 decision 【名词】决定;抉择; make
11、a decision 做决定 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。 25. be in the control of 掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制,无法管理 be under control被控 制住,在控制之中 26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意,mind doing sth. 介意做某 事 , Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (d
12、oing) sth. 放弃(做)某事, give up (playing) computer games ; give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如 : Never give up easily. 二、重点语法 【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的 对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。 数 人称 第 一 人 称 第二人称第三人称 单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselv es yourselve s themselves 【用法】 1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一
13、些的人或事物。 如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如: She isn t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。 如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 look after oneself / take care of on
14、eself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用(随 便吃/ 喝些) . hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留 下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己 【提醒】 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如: 我自己能完成作业。 (误) Myself can finish m
15、y homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格 的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西) ”时,须要用 ones own. 如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I m drawing with my own crayons. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、基本知识点 1. sick 生
16、病的,有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语 a sick child 【区别 ill】 ill与 sick 同义;但是只在句中做表语, 不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out 分发; 散发, 相当于 hand out , The teacher is giving out/ handing
17、 out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人。 4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做,自愿做(某事)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事, The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去/ 曾经(常)做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态, 并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。 There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。 They told me stor
18、ies about the past and how things used to be. 他 们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。 6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的, 无感情色彩: The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely (感到)孤独寂寞的,带有很强的感情色彩,可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料 care 【名词】小心,关心 take care of=look after 【动词】care about
19、 sb./sth.关心,在意某人 / 事 【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的【副 词】carefully 仔细地 8. such “这样的,这种,如此” ,用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词:such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛 such+ 形容词 +复数名词 / 不可数名词: such important decisions 多么重 要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名词前被 many, much, few, little修饰时,只能
20、用so,而不用 such: so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for参加选拔,争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用,试验 10. journey 【名词】 (尤指长途)旅行,行程;trip 【名词】多指短途旅行; travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者 11. 【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于(做)什么事情 be busy
21、 doing sth. 忙于(做)什么事情 12. 【复习】 try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做 某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13. 【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担 心某人、某事 14. raise money集资,筹钱; raise money for为筹钱 raise【动词】举起;提高;募集 15. keep 【动词】 keep+名词,保留(某物);keep+形容词,保持 16. 【形容词】 broke
22、n 破损的,出毛病的; blind瞎的,失明的; deaf 聋的; disabled有残疾的,丧失能力的;在句中做定语和表语。 make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能, You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词 (+for sb.) to do sth. 使(某人)做某事成为; think/find it +形容词 to do sth. 18. make a difference to对有影响;对有作用,difference前 可以用 no, a
23、ny, some, much等修饰,如 The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty【可数 /不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;表示 具体的“难题、难事”时为可数; have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某 事有困难 20. train【动词】训练, trained为过去分词,可做定语,意为“受过训练 的”a trained dog 21. be
24、 excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】 excited意为兴奋的,修饰人; exciting意为令人兴奋 / 激 动的,修饰物。 22. order 【名词】命令,指示;顺序,次序【动词】订购;点(菜)follow the order。 23. change 【动词】变化,改变It s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化;零钱 change A for B用 A换成 B:When you travel in China,
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